随着人民生活水平的提高,集中供热被越来越多地采用,采用集中供暖可以减少能量的浪费,提高供热效率,较少环境污染,利于管理。同时采用集中供热可提高供热质量,提高人们的生活质量。
本次毕业设计的课题为许昌市某小区的供暖系统,包括供热外网和换热站的设计。该小区包括住宅楼与商业用楼,总建筑面积为69570m2,热用户计算热负荷为4459.3kW。小区换热站以饱和蒸汽为一次热媒,采暖供回水温度为95/70℃。首先,根据设计题目搜集资料,确定供热系统的相关方案。包括集中供热系统的选择、枝状管网的确定、热负荷的计算、热媒的选择及其参数的确定。然后,进行小区供热外网的设计。包括管道的敷设、管网中固定支架、阀门井、补偿器等附件的位置与数量的确定,管道的保温,管网的水力计算。通过水力计算确定管网的管径以及压力损失,并进行不平衡率的计算,尽量使每段管线都能达到水力平衡。接着,确定换热站系统流程;对换热器、循环水泵、定压水泵等主要设备进行选型计算;合理布置所有的设备以及它们之间的管道。同样,还要对换热站内部进行水力计算以求得各种管路的管径。最后,根据设计的供暖系统的特点提出合理有效的运行调节方法。
关键词: 供热外网;换热站;水力计算;运行调节
With the exeltation of people’s life .The district heating system has been adopted more and more ; the adoption of which can reduce the waste of energy ,raise the efficiency of heating decrease the pollution of environment ,benefit in management. Adopt district heating system can raise the heating quality, raise people’s living quality at the same time.
This is a heating system design about one district in XUchang City, which includes outdoor heating pipe network and heat transfer station. The district contents residence building and business building, the total constructiong area is about 69570 m2 and heat load is about 4459..3kW. In the heating system, the heat transfer station which takes staturation Steam as high temperature heat medium and 95/70 ℃water circulating water as heat-supplying-medium. Firstly, needing to collect some information basis the design subject, and confirming the correlation scheme about the heating system. It contents the option of the concentrate heating system, the confirming of branch pipeline network, the calculate of the heating system, the choosing of heat medium and its parameter. Secondly, putting up the design about the outdoor heating pipe network. It contents the laying of pipe, defining the position and number of the accessories such as fixed supports, valve wells and compensators, the defining of the pipeline, the hydraulic computation of the pipeline . Through the hydraulic computation, we can confirm the diameter of the pipling and the pressure lossing, computing the hydraulic unbalance rate in order to make the hydraulic balance on every pipling. Then, the process of heating medium flow is determined. After the type of heat exchanger, water circulating pumps and make-up water pumps are chosen; they and the pipelines among them are arranged rationally. Also, the hydraulic computation of internal heat transfer station shouid be workouted to meet the need of every pipling. Finally, according to the characteristic of the heating system, a reasonable and effective operation and regulation method should be proposed.
Keywords: outdoor heating pipe network; heat transfer station; hydraulic calculation; operation and regulation.
第一章 绪 论
供热自古以来就是人们为了保证适宜的生活条件而创造的一种生活方式,为保障冬季供热工作安全稳定运行,确保居民度过一个温暖的冬天.我国是用煤大国,在供暖和发电上消耗了大量的煤炭,为了既能保证供热需要,又能尽量的节约能源为我国可持续发展战略做贡献。随着我国经济的发展,居民对生活水平程度越来越重视,因此,不管是城区供热还是城镇供热,对供热都越来越重视。供热工程是以热水或蒸汽作为热媒为用热系统(如供暖、通风、空调、热水供应和生产工艺)提供热能的供暖系统和集中供热系统。供暖系统是以人工技术把能源的热量通过热媒输送管道送到热用户的散热设备,为建筑物供给所需要的能量。在近几年中,通过供热工程的新发展和新技术的应用,使得供热体制发生了根本性变化。
随着城市能源供应结构调整、采暖制度改革和建筑节能等市场变化的要求,在集中供热为主的前提下,出现了多种多样的采暖方式。如以燃气为能源的采暖方式,以煤油为能源的供热方式,以电为能源的供热方式,这种多种采暖方式的出现,为人们进行最优化、最适宜的采暖方式的选择提供了可能。
综上所述,现在的采暖方式有很多选择,选择时要考虑的因素也越来越多,如能源与环境保护、投资、运行管理热舒适度等。现在我国正处在基本建设加速发展时期,许多城市迫于环境保护压力急需在各种采暖方式中作出选择。而各种采暖方式在初投资、运行管理、环境影响、安全性热舒适度等方面的总和评判尚无定论。不适当的采暖方式不仅会造成资金上的浪费,还会引起能源、环境和社会安定等方面的一系列问题。因此,如何准确全面的评价各种采暖方式的优差,如何针对一个实际工程选取最适合的采暖方式,就成为一个很重要的问题。
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