string常用方法

string方法

• assign

  • 功能：完全替换string的值，相对于重新赋值

  • 用法

    // 使用str替换
    string& string::assign (const string& str) 
    // 使用str从str_idx开始长度为str_num的内容替换
    string& string::assign (const string& str, size_type str_idx, size_type str_num) 
    // 使用字符串常量替换
    string & string::assign (const char* cstr)
    // 使用字符串常量前chars_len个字符替换，
    string& string::assign (const char* chars, size_type chars_len)
    // 使用字符C重复num次替换
    string & string::assign (size_type num, char c)
    // 使用迭代器指定区间替换
    template <class InputIterator>
    string& assign (InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
    

  • 代码示例

    • 代码

      #include<iostream>
      using namespace std;
      
      int main() {
          string s1("cqmyg");
          string s2("ysdssjtwmydtsgx");
          cout << "original s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign(s2);
          cout << "new      s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign(s2, 5, 8);
          cout << "new      s1: " << s1 << endl;
          
          s1.assign("zhrmghg");
          cout << "new      s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("zhrmghg", 5);
          cout << "new      s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign(6, 'x');
          cout << "new      s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign(s2.begin() + 2, s2.end());
          cout << "new      s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          return 0;
      }
      

    • 输出

      original s1: cqmyg
      new      s1: ysdssjtwmydtsgx
      new      s1: jtwmydts
      new      s1: zhrmghg
      new      s1: zhrmg
      new      s1: xxxxxx
      new      s1: dssjtwmydtsgx
      

• replace

  • 功能：部分替换

  • 用法

    // 使用str替换范围[pos, pos + cocunt）里的内容
    string& replace( size_type pos, size_type count, const string& str )
    // 使用字符串cstr替换范围[pos, pos + count）里的内容
    string& replace( size_type pos, size_type count, const CharT* cstr )
    // 使用字符串str替换范围[first, last)里的内容
    string& replace( const_iterator first, const_iterator last,const string& str )
    // 使用字符串str[pos2+count2）替换范围[pos, pos+count）里的内容
    string& replace( size_type pos, size_type count,const string& str,size_type pos2, size_type count2 )
    // 使用字符ch重复count2次替换范围[pos, pos+count）里的内容
    string& replace( size_type pos, size_type count, size_type count2, CharT ch )
    

  • 代码示例

    • 代码

      #include<iostream>
      using namespace std;
      
      int main() {
          string s1 = "demonstration";
          string s2 = "introduce";
          cout << "raw s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.replace(0, 4, s2);
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("demonstration");
          s1.replace(2, 7, "wobu");
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("demonstration");
          s1.replace(s1.begin() + 2, s1.end() + 6, s2);
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("demonstration");
          s1.replace(1, 4, s2, 1, 4);
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("demonstration");
          s1.replace(1, 4, 2, 'x');
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          return 0;
      }
      

    • 输出

      raw s1: demonstration
      new s1: introducenstration
      new s1: dewobution
      new s1: deintroduce
      new s1: dntrostration
      new s1: dxxstration
      

• sbustr

  • 功能：返回指定范围内的内容用

  • 用法

    // 返回[pos, pos+count）的内容
    string substr (size_t pos, size_t count) const
    

  • 代码示例

    • 代码

      /*************************************************************************
      	> File Name: 4.substr.cpp
      	> Author: 
      	> Mail: 
      	> Created Time: Tue 02 Mar 2021 02:05:17 PM CST
       ************************************************************************/
      
      #include<iostream>
      using namespace std;
      
      int main() {
          string s1 = "introduction";
          cout << s1.substr() << endl;
          cout << s1.substr(1) << endl;
          cout << s1.substr(2, 3) << endl;
          cout << s1.substr(4, 100) << endl; //如果end位置超过size，自动取到末尾停止
      
          return 0;
      }
      
      

    • 输出

      introduction
      ntroduction
      tro
      oduction
      

• insert

  • 指定位置插入字符串

  • 用法

    // 从index插入字符ch的count份复制
    string& insert( size_type index, size_type count, CharT ch )
    // 从index插入整个字符串s
    string& insert( size_type index, const CharT* s )
    // 从index插入整个str
    string& insert( size_type index, const string& str )
    // 从index插入字符串s前count个元素
    string& insert( size_type index, const CharT* s, size_type count )
    // 从index插入str[index_str, index_str+count）
    string& insert( size_type index, const string& str, size_type index_str, size_type count )
    // 从迭代器pos插入字符ch 
    iterator insert( iterator pos, CharT ch )
    // 从地带其pos插入迭代器范围[first, last)的内容
    iterator insert( const_iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last );
    

  • 代码示例

    • 代码

      #include<iostream>
      using namespace std;
      
      int main() {
          string s1 = "introduction";
          string s2 = "malloc";
          cout << "raw s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.insert(1, 5, 'x');
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("introduction");
          s1.insert(1, 5, 'x');
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("introduction");
          s1.insert(1, "basic");
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("introduction");
          s1.insert(1, "basic", 3);
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("introduction");
          s1.insert(1, s2, 1, 4);
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("introduction");
          s1.insert(s1.begin() + 5, 'x');
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          s1.assign("introduction");
          s1.insert(s1.begin() + 5, s2.begin() + 2, s2.begin() + 4);
          cout << "new s1: " << s1 << endl;
      
          return 0;
      }
      

    • 输出

      raw s1: introduction
      new s1: ixxxxxntroduction
      new s1: ixxxxxntroduction
      new s1: ibasicntroduction
      new s1: ibasntroduction
      new s1: iallontroduction
      new s1: introxduction
      new s1: introllduction
      

• find

  • 功能：查找第一个匹配给定字符串; 返回第一个匹配位置，匹配不成功返回npos

  • 用法

    // 从pos开始匹配整个str
    size_type find( const string& str, size_type pos = 0 ) const;
    // 从[pos, pos+count)匹配字符串s
    size_type find( const CharT* s, size_type pos, size_type count ) const;
    // 从pos开始匹配字符串s
    size_type find( const CharT* s, size_type pos = 0 ) const;
    // 从pos开始匹配字符ch
    size_type find( CharT ch, size_type pos = 0 ) const;
    

  • 代码示例

    • 代码

      #include<iostream>
      using namespace std;
      
      
      void outn(int n) {
          if (n == -1) {
              cout << "not found" << endl;
          } else {
              cout << "foud at " << n << endl;
          }
      }
      
      int main() {
          string::size_type n;
          string s1 = "introduction";
          string s2 = "controd";
      
          n = s1.find(s2);
          outn(n);
          
          n = s1.find("tro");
          outn(n);
      
          n = s1.find("tro", 2, 3);
          outn(n);
      
          n = s1.find('d', 10);
          outn(n);
      
          return 0;
      }
      
      

    • 输出

      not found
      foud at 2
      foud at 2
      not found
      

• stoi

  • 功能：将字符串转换为整型数字

  • 用法

    // 转换字符串为整形数字, 进制为base，pos存储转换字符个数
    int stoi( const std::string& str, std::size_t* pos = 0, int base = 10 );
    

  • 代码示例

    • 代码

      #include<iostream>
      using namespace std;
      
      int main() {
          string s1 = "45";
          string s2 = "3.144534";
          string s3 = "324sdfadf";
          string s4 = "sdf222";
          size_t p = 0;
      
          cout << stoi(s1, &p) << " " << p << endl;
          cout << stoi(s2, &p) << " " << p << endl;
          cout << stoi(s3, &p) << " " << p << endl;
          // cout << stoi(s4, &p) << endl;
      
      
          return 0;
      }
      

    • 输出

      45 2
      3 1
      324 3