引用属于C++编译器对C的扩展,不能用c语言的语法去思考它。
//引用的语法:Type& name = var;
1、引用的使用
void test01()
{
int a = 10;
int &b = a;
b = 100; //相当于把a修改成100了.
printf("b:%d \n", b);
printf("a:%d \n", a);
a = 200;
printf("b:%d \n", b);
printf("a:%d \n", a);
cout<<"hello..."<<endl;
return ;
}
2、普通引用 必须要初始化
void test02()
{
int a = 10;
int &b = a;
//int &c ;
return ;
}
3、引用作为函数参数声明时不进行初始化
void my_swap03(int &a, int &b)
{
int c = 0;
c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
}
4、复杂数据类型 的引用
struct Teacher
{
char name[64];
int age ;
};
void printfT(Teacher *pT)
{
cout<<pT->age<<endl;
}
pT是t1的别名 ,相当于修改了t1
void printfT2(Teacher &pT)
{
//cout<<pT.age<<endl;
pT.age = 33;
}
pT和t1的是两个不同的变量,进行的是浅拷贝操作
void printfT3(Teacher pT)
{
cout<<pT.age<<endl;
pT.age = 45; //只会修改pT变量 ,不会修改t1变量
}
测试参考源码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//1 引用的概念
//2 属于C++编译器对C的扩展,不能用c语言的语法去思考它
void test01()
{
int a = 10;
//引用的语法:Type& name = var;
int &b = a;
b = 100; //相当于把a修改成100了.
printf("b:%d \n", b);
printf("a:%d \n", a);
a = 200;
printf("b:%d \n", b);
printf("a:%d \n", a);
cout<<"hello..."<<endl;
return ;
}
void test02()
{
int a = 10;
int &b = a;
//int &c ; //03普通引用 必须要初始化
return ;
}
//基础类型的引用
void my_swap01(int a, int b)
{
int c = 0;
c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
}
void my_swap02(int *a, int *b)
{
int c = 0;
c = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = c;
}
//04 引用作为函数参数声明时不进行初始化
void my_swap03(int &a, int &b)
{
int c = 0;
c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
}
void test03()
{
int x, y ;
x = 10;
y = 20;
my_swap01(x, y);
printf("x:%d , y:%d \n", x, y);
my_swap02(&x, &y);
printf("x:%d , y:%d \n", x, y);
//a就是x的别名 b就是y的别名
my_swap03(x, y);
printf("x:%d , y:%d \n", x, y);
return ;
}
//05复杂数据类型 的引用
struct Teacher
{
char name[64];
int age ;
};
void printfT(Teacher *pT)
{
cout<<pT->age<<endl;
}
//pT是t1的别名 ,相当于修改了t1
void printfT2(Teacher &pT)
{
//cout<<pT.age<<endl;
pT.age = 33;
}
//pT和t1的是两个不同的变量,进行的是浅拷贝操作
void printfT3(Teacher pT)
{
cout<<pT.age<<endl;
pT.age = 45; //只会修改pT变量 ,不会修改t1变量
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
Teacher t1;
t1.age = 35;
printfT(&t1);
printfT2(t1); //pT是t1的别名
printf("t1.age:%d \n", t1.age); //33
printfT3(t1) ;// pT是形参 ,t1 copy一份数据 给pT //---> pT = t1
printf("t1.age:%d \n", t1.age); //35
return 0;
}
运行结果: