import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import h5py
import scipy
from PIL import Image
from scipy import ndimage
from lr_utils import load_dataset
%matplotlib inline
train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()
每张图片为一个训练样本，需要将其转换成（m，n）的数据格式，m代表数据条数，n代表特征数（三通道图片展开即可）,
之后转置，改变成nxm的形状，列为样本数，行为特征，方便计算
train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0],-1).T
test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0],-1).T
归一化
train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten/255.
test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten/255.
定义sigmoid函数，参数初始化，定义损失函数，损失函数导数，梯度下降方法，预测函数
def sigmoid(z):
s = 1/(1+np.exp(-z))
return s
def initialize_with_zeros(dim):
w,b = np.zeros((dim,1)),0
assert(w.shape == (dim, 1))
assert(isinstance(b, float) or isinstance(b, int))
return w, b
def propagate(w, b, X, Y):
m = X.shape[1]
s = sigmoid(w.T.dot(X)+b)
cost = -np.sum(Y*np.log(s) + (1-Y)*np.log(1-s))/m
dw = X.dot((s - Y).T)/m
db = np.sum(s-Y)/m
assert(dw.shape == w.shape)
assert(db.dtype == float)
cost = np.squeeze(cost)
assert(cost.shape == ())
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return grads, cost
def optimize(w, b, X, Y, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost = False):
"""
This function optimizes w and b by running a gradient descent algorithm
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat), of shape (1, number of examples)
num_iterations -- number of iterations of the optimization loop
learning_rate -- learning rate of the gradient descent update rule
print_cost -- True to print the loss every 100 steps
Returns:
params -- dictionary containing the weights w and bias b
grads -- dictionary containing the gradients of the weights and bias with respect to the cost function
costs -- list of all the costs computed during the optimization, this will be used to plot the learning curve.
"""
costs = []
for i in range(num_iterations):
grads,cost = propagate(w, b, X, Y)
dw = grads["dw"]
db = grads["db"]
w = w - learning_rate*dw
b = b - learning_rate *db
if i % 100 == 0:
costs.append(cost)
if print_cost and i % 100 == 0:
print ("Cost after iteration %i: %f" %(i, cost))
params = {"w": w,
"b": b}
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return params, grads, costs
def predict(w, b, X):
'''
Predict whether the label is 0 or 1 using learned logistic regression parameters (w, b)
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Returns:
Y_prediction -- a numpy array (vector) containing all predictions (0/1) for the examples in X
'''
m = X.shape[1]
Y_prediction = np.zeros((1,m))
w = w.reshape(X.shape[0], 1)
A = sigmoid(w.T.dot(X)+b)
for i in range(A.shape[1]):
if A[0,i] <= 0.5:
Y_prediction[0,i] = 0
else:
Y_prediction[0,i] = 1
assert(Y_prediction.shape == (1, m))
return Y_prediction
将上述函数整合，给定初始参数，按照给定损失函数和损失函数导数进行梯度迭代
def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.5, print_cost = False):
"""
Builds the logistic regression model by calling the function you've implemented previously
Arguments:
X_train -- training set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_train)
Y_train -- training labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_train)
X_test -- test set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_test)
Y_test -- test labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_test)
num_iterations -- hyperparameter representing the number of iterations to optimize the parameters
learning_rate -- hyperparameter representing the learning rate used in the update rule of optimize()
print_cost -- Set to true to print the cost every 100 iterations
Returns:
d -- dictionary containing information about the model.
"""
w,b = initialize_with_zeros(X_train.shape[0])
params, grads, costs = optimize(w, b, X_train,Y_train, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost = False)
w,b = params['w'],params['b']
Y_prediction_train = predict(w, b, X_train)
Y_prediction_test = predict(w, b, X_test)
print("train accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100))
print("test accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100))
d = {"costs": costs,
"Y_prediction_test": Y_prediction_test,
"Y_prediction_train" : Y_prediction_train,
"w" : w,
"b" : b,
"learning_rate" : learning_rate,
"num_iterations": num_iterations}
return d
d = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 2000, learning_rate = 0.005, print_cost = True)
结果:
train accuracy: 99.04306220095694 %
test accuracy: 70.0 %
绘制学习曲线
costs = np.squeeze(d['costs'])
plt.plot(costs)
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations (per hundreds)')
plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(d["learning_rate"]))
plt.show()
不同学习率下cost函数变化情况（学习率过大出现上下波动，越过了最低点到另一侧）
learning_rates = [0.01, 0.001, 0.0001]
models = {}
for i in learning_rates:
print ("learning rate is: " + str(i))
models[str(i)] = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations = 1500, learning_rate = i, print_cost = False)
print ('\n' + "-------------------------------------------------------" + '\n')
for i in learning_rates:
plt.plot(np.squeeze(models[str(i)]["costs"]), label= str(models[str(i)]["learning_rate"]))
plt.ylabel('cost')
plt.xlabel('iterations')
legend = plt.legend(loc='upper center', shadow=True)
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_facecolor('0.90')
plt.show()
结果：
learning rate is: 0.01
train accuracy: 99.52153110047847 %
test accuracy: 68.0 %
-------------------------------------------------------
learning rate is: 0.001
train accuracy: 88.99521531100478 %
test accuracy: 64.0 %
-------------------------------------------------------
learning rate is: 0.0001
train accuracy: 68.42105263157895 %
test accuracy: 36.0 %
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