Python基础–详细记录Sixth_Chapter

Python基础–详细记录Sixth_Chapter

1、类和对象

类方法和静态方法中无法引用实例方法和实例属性，无法调用self,类对象中无self属性

1.1 实例属性

1.2 实例方法

class Student:
    count = 0
    def __init__(self,name,score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
        Student.count+=1
    def say_score(self):
        print("{0}的分数是{1}".format(self.name,self.score))
s1 = Student("zl",18)
s1.say_score()
s1.salary = 3000
print(s1.salary)
Student.say_score(s1)
print(dir(s1))
print(s1.__dict__)
print(isinstance(s1,Student))#是不是Student的实例对象
class man:
    pass
print(isinstance(s1,man))
s2 = Student("zs",18)
print(Student.count)

1.3 类方法

class Student:
    company="FS"

    @classmethod
    def printCompany(cls):
        print(cls.company)
Student.printCompany()

1.4 静态方法

class Student2:
    company = "YW"
    @staticmethod
    def add(a,b):
        print("{0}+{1}={2}".format(a,b,(a+b)))
        return a+b
Student2.add(10,20)

1.5 析构方法

1.6 call方法

class Salary1:
    def __call__(self, salary):
        year_salary = salary*12
        day_salary = salary//22.5
        hour_salary = day_salary/8
        return dict(year_salary=year_salary,month_salary=salary,day_salary=day_salary,hour_salary=hour_salary)

s1 = Salary1()
print(s1(3000))

1.7 私有属性和私有方法

class Employee:
    __company = 'ES'
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.__age = age
    def __work(self):
        print("EM")
        print("年龄{}".format(self.__age))
        print("公司{}".format(Employee.__company))
e = Employee("zl","18")
# print(e.name)
print(e._Employee__age)
print(dir(e))
e._Employee__work()
print(Employee._Employee__company)

1.8 @property

class Employee:
    def __init__(self,name,salary):
        self.__name = name
        self.__salary = salary
    def get_salary(self):
        return self.__salary
    def set_salary(self,salary):
        if 1000<salary<50000:
            self.__salary = salary
        else:
            print("...")
emp1 = Employee("ZL",30000)
print(emp1.get_salary())
emp1.set_salary(35000)
print(emp1.get_salary())

class Employee:
    def __init__(self,name,salary):
        self.__name = name
        self.__salary = salary
    @property
    def salary(self):
        return self.__salary
    @salary.setter
    def salary(self,salary):
        if 1000<salary<50000:
            self.__salary = salary
        else:
            print("...")

emp1 = Employee("ZL",30000)
print(emp1.salary)
emp1.salary = 3000
print(emp1.salary)

2、面向对象三大特征

2.1 继承

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.__age = age
    def say_age(self):
        print("18")


class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name,age,score):
        Person.__init__(self,name,age)   #必须显示调用父类初始化方法，否则解释器不会调用
        self.score = score

print(Student.mro())
s = Student("ZL",18,60)
print(s.name)
print(dir(s))
print(s._Person__age)

2.2 方法的重写

class Person:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.__age = age
    def say_age(self):
        print("18")

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name,age,score):
        Person.__init__(self,name,age)
        self.score = score
    def say_age(self):
        print("19")

s = Student("ZL",18,60)
s.say_age()

2.3 多态

class Man:
    def eat(self):
        print("吃饭啦")
class Chinese(Man):
    def eat(self):
        print("用筷子")
class English(Man):
    def eat(self):
        print("用叉子")
def Eat(m):
    if isinstance(m,Man):
        m.eat()
    else:
        print("ooo")

Eat(Chinese())
Eat(English())

2.4 深拷贝和浅拷贝

import copy


class MobilePhone:
    def __init__(self,cpu,screen):
        self.cpu = cpu
        self.screen = screen


class CPU:
    def calculate(self):
        print("算你个12345")
        print("cpu对象：",self)

class Screen:
    def show(self):
        print("显示一个好看的画面，亮瞎你的钛合金大眼")
        print("screen对象：",self)

#测试变量赋值
c1 = CPU()
c2 = c1
print(c1)
print(c2)
print("测试浅复制....")
#测试浅复制
s1 = Screen()
m1 = MobilePhone(c1,s1)
m2 = copy.copy(m1)
print(m1,m1.cpu,m1.screen)
print(m2,m2.cpu,m2.screen)

#测试深复制
print("测试深复制....")
m3 = copy.deepcopy(m1)
print(m1,m1.cpu,m1.screen)
print(m3,m3.cpu,m3.screen)

2.5 继承和组合

#使用继承实现代码的复用
class A1:

    def say_a1(self):
        print("a1,a1,a1")

class B1(A1):
    pass

b1 = B1()
b1.say_a1()


#同样的效果，使用组合实现代码的复用
class A2:
    def say_a2(self):
        print("a2,a2,a2")

class B2:
    def __init__(self,a):
        self.a = a

a2 = A2()
b2 = B2(a2)
b2.a.say_a2()

2.6 设计模式

class CarFactory:
    def create_car(self,brand):
        if brand =="奔驰":
            return Benz()
        elif brand =="宝马":
            return BMW()
        elif brand == "比亚迪":
            return BYD()
        else:
            return "未知品牌，无法创建"

class Benz:
    pass

class BMW:
    pass

class BYD:
    pass

factory = CarFactory()
c1 = factory.create_car("奔驰")
c2 = factory.create_car("比亚迪")
print(c1)
print(c2)

class MySingleton:

    __obj = None           #类属性
    __init_flag = True

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__obj ==None:
            cls.__obj = object.__new__(cls)

        return cls.__obj

    def __init__(self,name):
        if MySingleton.__init_flag:
            print("init.....")
            self.name = name
            MySingleton.__init_flag = False

a = MySingleton("aa")
b = MySingleton("bb")
print(a)
print(b)
c = MySingleton("cc")
print(c)