Python基础–详细记录Sixth_Chapter
1、类和对象
类方法和静态方法中无法引用实例方法和实例属性,无法调用self,类对象中无self属性
1.1 实例属性
1.2 实例方法
class Student:
count = 0
def __init__(self,name,score):
self.name = name
self.score = score
Student.count+=1
def say_score(self):
print("{0}的分数是{1}".format(self.name,self.score))
s1 = Student("zl",18)
s1.say_score()
s1.salary = 3000
print(s1.salary)
Student.say_score(s1)
print(dir(s1))
print(s1.__dict__)
print(isinstance(s1,Student))#是不是Student的实例对象
class man:
pass
print(isinstance(s1,man))
s2 = Student("zs",18)
print(Student.count)
1.3 类方法
class Student:
company="FS"
@classmethod
def printCompany(cls):
print(cls.company)
Student.printCompany()
1.4 静态方法
class Student2:
company = "YW"
@staticmethod
def add(a,b):
print("{0}+{1}={2}".format(a,b,(a+b)))
return a+b
Student2.add(10,20)
1.5 析构方法
1.6 call方法
class Salary1:
def __call__(self, salary):
year_salary = salary*12
day_salary = salary//22.5
hour_salary = day_salary/8
return dict(year_salary=year_salary,month_salary=salary,day_salary=day_salary,hour_salary=hour_salary)
s1 = Salary1()
print(s1(3000))
1.7 私有属性和私有方法
class Employee:
__company = 'ES'
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.__age = age
def __work(self):
print("EM")
print("年龄{}".format(self.__age))
print("公司{}".format(Employee.__company))
e = Employee("zl","18")
# print(e.name)
print(e._Employee__age)
print(dir(e))
e._Employee__work()
print(Employee._Employee__company)
1.8 @property
class Employee:
def __init__(self,name,salary):
self.__name = name
self.__salary = salary
def get_salary(self):
return self.__salary
def set_salary(self,salary):
if 1000<salary<50000:
self.__salary = salary
else:
print("...")
emp1 = Employee("ZL",30000)
print(emp1.get_salary())
emp1.set_salary(35000)
print(emp1.get_salary())
class Employee:
def __init__(self,name,salary):
self.__name = name
self.__salary = salary
@property
def salary(self):
return self.__salary
@salary.setter
def salary(self,salary):
if 1000<salary<50000:
self.__salary = salary
else:
print("...")
emp1 = Employee("ZL",30000)
print(emp1.salary)
emp1.salary = 3000
print(emp1.salary)
2、面向对象三大特征
2.1 继承
class Person:
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.__age = age
def say_age(self):
print("18")
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name,age,score):
Person.__init__(self,name,age) #必须显示调用父类初始化方法,否则解释器不会调用
self.score = score
print(Student.mro())
s = Student("ZL",18,60)
print(s.name)
print(dir(s))
print(s._Person__age)
2.2 方法的重写
class Person:
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.__age = age
def say_age(self):
print("18")
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name,age,score):
Person.__init__(self,name,age)
self.score = score
def say_age(self):
print("19")
s = Student("ZL",18,60)
s.say_age()
2.3 多态
class Man:
def eat(self):
print("吃饭啦")
class Chinese(Man):
def eat(self):
print("用筷子")
class English(Man):
def eat(self):
print("用叉子")
def Eat(m):
if isinstance(m,Man):
m.eat()
else:
print("ooo")
Eat(Chinese())
Eat(English())
2.4 深拷贝和浅拷贝
import copy
class MobilePhone:
def __init__(self,cpu,screen):
self.cpu = cpu
self.screen = screen
class CPU:
def calculate(self):
print("算你个12345")
print("cpu对象:",self)
class Screen:
def show(self):
print("显示一个好看的画面,亮瞎你的钛合金大眼")
print("screen对象:",self)
#测试变量赋值
c1 = CPU()
c2 = c1
print(c1)
print(c2)
print("测试浅复制....")
#测试浅复制
s1 = Screen()
m1 = MobilePhone(c1,s1)
m2 = copy.copy(m1)
print(m1,m1.cpu,m1.screen)
print(m2,m2.cpu,m2.screen)
#测试深复制
print("测试深复制....")
m3 = copy.deepcopy(m1)
print(m1,m1.cpu,m1.screen)
print(m3,m3.cpu,m3.screen)
2.5 继承和组合
#使用继承实现代码的复用
class A1:
def say_a1(self):
print("a1,a1,a1")
class B1(A1):
pass
b1 = B1()
b1.say_a1()
#同样的效果,使用组合实现代码的复用
class A2:
def say_a2(self):
print("a2,a2,a2")
class B2:
def __init__(self,a):
self.a = a
a2 = A2()
b2 = B2(a2)
b2.a.say_a2()
2.6 设计模式
class CarFactory:
def create_car(self,brand):
if brand =="奔驰":
return Benz()
elif brand =="宝马":
return BMW()
elif brand == "比亚迪":
return BYD()
else:
return "未知品牌,无法创建"
class Benz:
pass
class BMW:
pass
class BYD:
pass
factory = CarFactory()
c1 = factory.create_car("奔驰")
c2 = factory.create_car("比亚迪")
print(c1)
print(c2)
class MySingleton:
__obj = None #类属性
__init_flag = True
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls.__obj ==None:
cls.__obj = object.__new__(cls)
return cls.__obj
def __init__(self,name):
if MySingleton.__init_flag:
print("init.....")
self.name = name
MySingleton.__init_flag = False
a = MySingleton("aa")
b = MySingleton("bb")
print(a)
print(b)
c = MySingleton("cc")
print(c)