Queuing（矩阵快速幂）

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-06 14:09:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-02-06 14:09:38 发布

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分类专栏：矩阵运算文章标签：矩阵快速幂

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Queuing

Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 2842 Accepted Submission(s): 1305

Problem Description

Queues and Priority Queues are data structures which are known to most computer scientists. The Queue occurs often in our daily life. There are many people lined up at the lunch time.

Now we define that ‘f’ is short for female and ‘m’ is short for male. If the queue’s length is L, then there are 2^L numbers of queues. For example, if L = 2, then they are ff, mm, fm, mf . If there exists a subqueue as fmf or fff, we call it O-queue else it is a E-queue.
Your task is to calculate the number of E-queues mod M with length L by writing a program.

Input

Input a length L (0 <= L <= 10 ⁶) and M.

Output

Output K mod M(1 <= M <= 30) where K is the number of E-queues with length L.

Sample Input

Sample Output

Author

WhereIsHeroFrom

递推公式f(n)=f(n-1)+f(n-3)+f(n-4)

递推过程：

现在设长度为n

1，在最后一位加m时，前面无论是什么都满足，得f(n-1);

2，在最后一位加f时，倒数后2位无论加什么都不能满足，于是讨论倒数后3位，后3位可以加mmf,即+f(n-3),现在还有一种情况没考虑到，那就是mff，可能前面是以f结尾，于是讨论倒数后4位，在后4位上加mmff，即+f(n-4)。

得到递推公式就可以构造矩阵了。

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct Matrix {
    int a[10][10];
    Matrix() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
                a[i][j] = 0;
            }
        }
    }
};
int n, mod;
Matrix operator * (const Matrix& a, const Matrix& b) {
    Matrix c;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
            c.a[i][j] = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                c.a[i][j] += (a.a[i][k] * b.a[k][j]) % mod;
                c.a[i][j] %= mod;
            }
        }
    }
    return c;
}

Matrix operator ^ (Matrix& a, int k) {
    Matrix c;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
            if (i == j)
                c.a[i][j] = 1;
    while (k) {
        if (k&1)
            c = c * a;
        k >>= 1;
        a = a * a;
    }
    return c;
}

int main() {
    Matrix a, b;
    b.a[0][0] = 6;
    b.a[1][0] = 4;
    b.a[2][0] = 2;
    b.a[3][0] = 1;
    a.a[0][0] = a.a[0][2] = a.a[0][3] = a.a[1][0] = a.a[2][1] = a.a[3][2] = 1;
    constexpr int ans[] = {1, 2, 4, 6};
    while (cin >> n >> mod) {
        if (n < 4) {
            cout << ans[n] % mod << endl;
        } else {
            
            Matrix c = a;
            c = c ^ (n - 3);
            c = c * b;
            cout << c.a[0][0] << endl;
        }
    }
}