c++学习（五）

#ifndef STOCK20
#define STOCK20

#include "string.h"
//定义类的各种成员属性和成员方法
class Stock
{
private:
    std::string company;
    long shares;
    double share_val;
    double total_val;
    void set_tot() {total_val = shares*share_val;}
public:
    //建立两个构造函数
    Stock();
    Stock(const std::string&co,long n,double pr);
    ~Stock();
    void buy(long num,double price);
    void sell(long num,double price);
    void updata(double price);
    void show() const;
    const Stock & topval(const Stock & a) const;
    //前面一个stock作为的是一个stock的对象 后面一个也是一个stock的对象
};//最后要加分号




#endif // STOCK20

#include <iostream>

#include"stock20.h"

Stock::Stock()
{
    std::cout<<"Default constructor called\n";
    company = "no name";
    shares = 0;
    share_val = 0.0;
    total_val = 0.0;
}
Stock::Stock(const std::string &co, long n, double pr)
{
    std::cout<<"Constructor using "<<co<<"called\n";
    company = co;
    if(n<0)
    {
        std::cout<<"Number of shares can't bt negative;"
                <<company<<"shares set to 0.\n";
        shares = 0;
    }
    else
        shares = n;
    share_val = pr;
    set_tot();
}
Stock::~Stock()
{
    std::cout<<"Bye,"<<company<<"!\n";
}
void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
    if(num<0)
    {
        std::cout<<"You can not buy negative";
    }
    else
        shares +=num;
    share_val =price;
    set_tot();
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
    if(num<0)
    {
        std::cout<<"Don't be a negative num."<<std::endl;
    }
    if(num>shares)
    {
        std::cout<<"You can not sell so mush"<<std::endl;
    }
    else
        shares -= num;
    share_val = price;
    set_tot();
}
void Stock::updata(double price)
{
    share_val = price;
    set_tot();
}
/*
void Stock::show()
{
    std::cout<<"company: "<<company<<std::endl
            <<" shares: "<<shares<<std::endl
           <<" shares_val: "<<share_val<<std::endl
          <<" Total Worth: "<<total_val<<std::endl;
}
*/
void Stock::show()const//这里一定要加const保证隐式的引用不会被修改

//error: passing 'const Stock' as 'this' argument of 'void Stock::show()'
//discards qualifiers
//top->show();

{
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;
    using std::ios_base;
    ios_base::fmtflags orig =
            cout.setf(ios_base::fixed,ios_base::floatfield);
    //定义这是流文件的长度
    std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);

    cout<<"Company: " <<company
       <<"Shares: "<<shares<<endl;
    cout<<"Share Price:$"<<share_val;
    //设置格式为#.##
    cout.precision(2);
    cout<<" Total Worth: $"<<total_val<<endl;
  cout.setf(orig,ios_base::floatfield);
  cout.precision(prec);


}
/*
 * 函数：const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & a)const
 * 描述：比较两个对象的某一属性的值
 * 输入 ：静态的stock对象
 * 输出 ：比较大的stock对象
*/
const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & a)const
{
    if(a.total_val>total_val)//后面的是代表当前的stock
        return a;
    else
        return *this;//这里的意思是返回一整个对象

}

#include <iostream>
#include"stock20.h"
const int STKS = 4;

int main()
{
    std::cout<<"zzm";
    Stock stocks[STKS] =
    {
        Stock{"NanoSmart",12,20},
        Stock{"Boffo Objects",200,2},
    };//到最后都调用了析构函数
    std::cout<<"Stock holdings:\n";

    int st;
    for(st=0;st<STKS;st++)
        stocks[st].show();
    //set pointer to first element
    const Stock *top =&stocks[0];
    for(st=1;st<STKS;st++)
        top =& top->topval(stocks[st]);//top->...返回的是一个值
    //最大的指针是指向最大值的
    std::cout<<"\nMost valuable holding:\n";
    top->show();
    return 0;
}

面向对象的章节的内容