QSemaphore、QWaitCondition实现线程同步

    示例程序来自Qt5.4\Examples\Qt-5.4\corelib\threads，做出一定的注解更容易理解，详细解析推荐参考Qt手册Semaphores Example、Wait Conditions Example

1. Semaphores Example

SOURCES += semaphores.cpp
QT = core

CONFIG -= app_bundle
CONFIG += console

# install
target.path = $$[QT_INSTALL_EXAMPLES]/corelib/threads/semaphores
INSTALLS += target

#include <QtCore>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//! [0]
const int DataSize = 10;

const int BufferSize = 6;
char buffer[BufferSize];

QSemaphore freeBytes(BufferSize);
QSemaphore usedBytes;

class Producer : public QThread
{
public:
    void run() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE
    {
        qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime::currentTime()));
        for (int i = 0; i < DataSize; ++i) {
            freeBytes.acquire(); // -1, 用掉一个空闲字节，最大只有6个空闲字节，初始为6，如果获取失败了，那就等着消费者线程读完后释放资源
            buffer[i % BufferSize] = "ACGT"[(int)qrand() % 4];
            qDebug("+");
            usedBytes.release();  // +1, 释放了一个资源，也就是产生了一个字节数据，消费者可以读取
        }
    }
};

class Consumer : public QThread
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    void run() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < DataSize; ++i)
        {
            usedBytes.acquire(); // -1, 获取生产者线程产生的资源，获取资源不成功，那就阻塞在这里，直到生产者产生新数据
            fprintf(stdout, "%c", buffer[i % BufferSize]);
            freeBytes.release();  //+1, 数据读取（消费）完毕，释放了一个空闲资源
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

signals:
    void stringConsumed(const QString &text);

protected:
    bool finish;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
    Producer producer;
    Consumer consumer;
    producer.start();
    consumer.start();
    producer.wait();
    consumer.wait();
    return 0;
}

#include "semaphores.moc"

2.
Wait Conditions Example

QT = core
CONFIG -= moc app_bundle
CONFIG += console

SOURCES += waitconditions.cpp

# install
target.path = $$[QT_INSTALL_EXAMPLES]/corelib/threads/waitconditions
INSTALLS += target

#include <QtCore>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

const int DataSize = 100000;

const int BufferSize = 8192;
char buffer[BufferSize];

QWaitCondition bufferNotEmpty;
QWaitCondition bufferNotFull;
QMutex mutex;
int numUsedBytes = 0;

class Producer : public QThread

{
public:
    Producer(QObject *parent = NULL) : QThread(parent)
    {
    }

    void run() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE
    {
        qsrand(QTime(0,0,0).secsTo(QTime::currentTime()));

        for (int i = 0; i < DataSize; ++i) {
            mutex.lock();
            if (numUsedBytes == BufferSize)
                bufferNotFull.wait(&mutex);
            mutex.unlock();

            buffer[i % BufferSize] = "ACGT"[(int)qrand() % 4];

            mutex.lock();
            ++numUsedBytes;
            bufferNotEmpty.wakeAll();
            mutex.unlock();
        }
    }
};

class Consumer : public QThread
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    Consumer(QObject *parent = NULL) : QThread(parent)
    {
    }

    void run() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < DataSize; ++i) {
            mutex.lock();
            if (numUsedBytes == 0)
                bufferNotEmpty.wait(&mutex);
            mutex.unlock();

            fprintf(stderr, "%c", buffer[i % BufferSize]);

            mutex.lock();
            --numUsedBytes;
            bufferNotFull.wakeAll();
            mutex.unlock();
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

signals:
    void stringConsumed(const QString &text);
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
    Producer producer;
    Consumer consumer;
    producer.start();
    consumer.start();
    producer.wait();
    consumer.wait();
    return 0;
}

#include "waitconditions.moc"