图像运算方法

图像运算

一、图像算数运算

使用加号进行图像的运算例子
import cv2
import numpy as np
import cv2
img1=cv2.imread(“LinuxLogo.jpg”)
img2=cv2.imread(“WindowsLogo.jpg”)
img3=img1+img2
cv2.imshow(“add”,img3)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

算数运算方法（应用亮度与对比度调整）

def add_demo(m1, m2):
    dst = cv2.add(m1, m2)
    cv2.imshow("add_demo", dst)

def subtract_demo(m1, m2):
    dst = cv2.subtract(m1, m2)
    cv2.imshow("subtract_demo", dst)

def divide_demo(m1, m2):
    dst = cv2.divide(m1, m2)
    cv2.imshow("divide_demo", dst)

def multiply_demo(m1, m2):
    dst = cv2.multiply(m1, m2)
    cv2.imshow("multiply_demo", dst)

def contrast_brightness_demo(image, c, b):
    h, w, ch = image.shape
    blank = np.zeros([h, w, ch], image.dtype)
    dst = cv2.addWeighted(image, c, blank, 1-c, b)
    cv2.imshow("con-bri-demo", dst)

img1=cv2.imread("LinuxLogo.jpg")
img2=cv2.imread("WindowsLogo.jpg")
cv2.imshow("image1", img1)
cv2.imshow("image2", img2)
#add_demo(img1,img2)
#subtract_demo(img1,img2)
#divide_demo(img1,img2)
#multiply_demo(img1,img2)
contrast_brightness_demo(img2,1.2,10)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

举例说明：
编写一段代码是实现ppt页面切换的功能，关键函数：addWeighted()

l,h=img1.shape[0:2]
a=0
dst=cv2.addWeighted(img1,a,img2,1-a,-1)
while a<1.0:
    dst=cv2.addWeighted(img1,a,img2,1-a,-1.0)
    cv2.imshow('ppt',dst)
    cv2.waitKey(100)
    a+=0.02
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

二、逻辑运算

#按位与 按位或
def logic_demo(m1, m2):
    dst1 = cv2.bitwise_and(m1, m2)
    dst2 = cv2.bitwise_or(m1, m2)
    cv2.imshow("logic_demo_and", dst1)
    cv2.imshow("logic_demo_or",dst2)

#按位非运算 按位异或
def logic_demo2(m1,m2):
    dst1=cv2.bitwise_not(m1,m2)
    dst2=cv2.bitwise_xor(m1,m2)
    cv2.imshow("logic_demo_not", dst1)
    cv2.imshow("logic_demo_xor",dst2)    

#实现
img1=cv2.imread(“LinuxLogo.jpg”)
img2=cv2.imread(“WindowsLogo.jpg”)
cv2.imshow(“image1”, img1)
cv2.imshow(“image2”, img2)
logic_demo(img1,img2)
#logic_demo2(img2,img1)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

逻辑运算应用

**图像加密**
import cv2
import numpy as np
 
demo = cv2.imread("shenmi.jpg", 0)
r, c = demo.shape
key = np.random.randint(0, 256, size=(r, c), dtype=np.uint8)   # 生成随机的密钥图像
 
cv2.imshow("shenmi", demo)              # 显示原始图像
cv2.imshow("key", key)                # 显示密钥图像
 
encryption = cv2.bitwise_xor(demo, key)   # 加密
decryption = cv2.bitwise_xor(encryption, key)  # 解密
 
cv2.imshow("jiami", encryption)      # 显示密文图像
cv2.imshow("jiemi", decryption)      # 显示解密后的图像
 
cv2.waitKey(-1)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

**面部打码及解码**
lena=cv2.imread("lena.bmp",0)
r,c=lena.shape
mask=np.zeros((r,c),dtype=np.uint8)
mask[220:400,250:350]=1
key=np.random.randint(0,256,size=[r,c],dtype=np.uint8) # 获取密匙

lenaXorKey=cv2.bitwise_xor(lena,key)  # 对原图像加密
encryptFace=cv2.bitwise_and(lenaXorKey,mask*255) # 获取加密图的脸部信息
noFace1=cv2.bitwise_and(lena,(1-mask)*255)     # 将原图的脸部位置置0
maskFace=encryptFace+noFace1                # 得到打码的原图  

# 解码
extractOriginal=cv2.bitwise_xor(maskFace,key)   # 得到脸部的原始信息
extractFace=cv2.bitwise_and(extractOriginal,mask*255)  # 提取脸部信息
noFace2=cv2.bitwise_and(maskFace,(1-mask)*255)  # 从打码的原图内提取没有脸的原图
extractLena=noFace2+extractFace     # 得到解码的原图

# 显示图像
cv2.imshow("lena",lena)
cv2.imshow("mask",mask*255)          
cv2.imshow("1-mask",(1-mask)*255)
cv2.imshow("key",key)
cv2.imshow("lenaXorKey",lenaXorKey)
cv2.imshow("encryptFace",encryptFace)
cv2.imshow("noFace1",noFace1)
cv2.imshow("maskFace",maskFace)
cv2.imshow("extractOriginal",extractOriginal)
cv2.imshow("extractFace",extractFace)
cv2.imshow("noFace2",noFace2)
cv2.imshow("extractLena",extractLena)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

**数字水印**
lena=cv2.imread("lena.bmp",0)
watermark=cv2.imread("watermark.bmp",0)
w=watermark[:,:]>0
watermark[w]=1
r,c=lena.shape
#============嵌入过程============
t254=np.ones((r,c),dtype=np.uint8)*254
lenaH7=cv2.bitwise_and(lena,t254)
e=cv2.bitwise_or(lenaH7,watermark)
#============提取过程============
t1=np.ones((r,c),dtype=np.uint8)
wm=cv2.bitwise_and(e,t1)
print(wm)
w=wm[:,:]>0
wm[w]=255
#============显示============
cv2.imshow("lena",lena)
cv2.imshow("watermark",watermark*255)  
cv2.imshow("e",e)
cv2.imshow("wm",wm)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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