linux驱动开发之LED驱动

linux驱动开发LED驱动

1.1vim编写LED驱动代码

[luxibao@centos ~]$ mkdir LED

[luxibao@centos ~]$ cd LED

 

[luxibao@centos LED]$ vim s3c_led.c

/*********************************************************************************

 *      Copyright:  (C) 2016  luxibao <864809344@qq.com>

 *                  All rights reserved.

 *

 *       Filename:  s3c_led.c

 *    Description:  This file

 *

 *        Version:  1.0.0(07/31/2016~)

 *         Author:  luxibao<864809344@qq.com>

 *      ChangeLog:  1, Release initial version on "07/31/201620:32:05"

 *

 ********************************************************************************/

#include <linux/module.h>   /* Every Linux kernel module must include this head */

#include <linux/init.h>     /* Every Linux kernel module must include this head */

#include <linux/kernel.h>   /* printk() */

#include <linux/fs.h>       /* struct fops */

#include <linux/errno.h>    /* error codes */

#include <linux/cdev.h>     /* cdev_alloc()  */

#include <asm/io.h>         /* ioremap()  */

#include <linux/ioport.h>   /* request_mem_region() */

 

#include <asm/ioctl.h>      /* Linux kernel space head file for macro _IO() to generate ioctl command  */

#ifndef __KERNEL__

#include <sys/ioctl.h>     /* User space head file for macro _IO() to generate ioctl command */

#endif

//#include <linux/printk.h> /* Define log level KERN_DEBUG, no need include here */

 

 

#define DRV_AUTHOR                "luxibao  <luxibao@qq.com>"

#define DRV_DESC                  "S3C24XX LED driver"

 

#define DEV_NAME                  "led"

#define LED_NUM                   4

 

/* Set the LED dev major number */

//#define LED_MAJOR                 79

#ifndef LED_MAJOR

#define LED_MAJOR                 0   //主设备号相关宏

 

#endif

 

#define DRV_MAJOR_VER             1

#define DRV_MINOR_VER             0

#define DRV_REVER_VER             0

 

#define DISABLE                   0

#define ENABLE                    1

 

#define GPIO_INPUT                0x00

#define GPIO_OUTPUT               0x01

 

 

#define PLATDRV_MAGIC             0x60  //魔术字

#define LED_OFF                   _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x18)

#define LED_ON                    _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x19)

 

#define S3C_GPB_BASE              0x56000010  //GPB基地址及偏移地址

#define GPBCON_OFFSET             0

#define GPBDAT_OFFSET             4

#define GPBUP_OFFSET              8

#define S3C_GPB_LEN               0x10        /* 0x56000010~0x56000020  */

 

int led[LED_NUM] = {5,6,8,10};  /* Four LEDs use GPB5,GPB6,GPB8,GPB10 */

 

static void __iomem *s3c_gpb_membase;  //定义iomem*类型变量

 

 

#define s3c_gpio_write(val, reg) __raw_writel((val), (reg)+s3c_gpb_membase)//虚拟地址读取到物理地址

#define s3c_gpio_read(reg)       __raw_readl((reg)+s3c_gpb_membase)

 

 

int dev_count = ARRAY_SIZE(led);  //设备总数

int dev_major = LED_MAJOR; //主设备

int dev_minor = 0;  //次设备

int debug = DISABLE;

 

static struct cdev      *led_cdev;  //定义结构体指针

static int s3c_hw_init(void)   //初始化函数

{

    int          i;

    volatile unsigned long  gpb_con, gpb_dat, gpb_up;

 

    if(!request_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN, "s3c2440 led"))//判断是否成功申请一段内存空间

    {

        return -EBUSY;

    }

 

    if( !(s3c_gpb_membase=ioremap(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN)) )//判断虚拟地址到物理地址的映射

    {

        release_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN);

        return -ENOMEM;

    }

 

    for(i=0; i<dev_count; i++)

    {

        /* Set GPBCON register, set correspond GPIO port as input or output mode  */

        gpb_con = s3c_gpio_read(GPBCON_OFFSET);

        gpb_con &= ~(0x3<<(2*led[i]));   /* Clear the currespond LED GPIO configure register */

        gpb_con |= GPIO_OUTPUT<<(2*led[i]); /* Set the currespond LED GPIO as output mode */

        s3c_gpio_write(gpb_con, GPBCON_OFFSET);

 

        /* Set GPBUP register, set correspond GPIO port pull up resister as enable or disable  */

        gpb_up = s3c_gpio_read(GPBUP_OFFSET);

        //gpb_up &= ~(0x1<<led[i]); /* Enable pull up resister */

        gpb_up |= (0x1<<led[i]);  /* Disable pull up resister */

        s3c_gpio_write(gpb_up, GPBUP_OFFSET);

 

        /* Set GPBDAT register, set correspond GPIO port power level as high level or low level */

        gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);

        //gpb_dat &= ~(0x1<<led[i]); /* This port set to low level, then turn LED on */

        gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[i]);  /* This port set to high level, then turn LED off */

        s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);

    }

 

    return 0;

}

 

static void turn_led(int which, unsigned int cmd) //led函数的操作

{

    volatile unsigned long  gpb_dat;

 

    gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);

 

    if(LED_ON == cmd)

    {

        gpb_dat &= ~(0x1<<led[which]); /*  Turn LED On */

    }

    else if(LED_OFF == cmd)

    {

        gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[which]);  /*  Turn LED off */

    }

 

    s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);

}

 

static void s3c_hw_term(void) //清除led操作函数

{

    int                     i;

    volatile unsigned long  gpb_dat;

 

    for(i=0; i<dev_count; i++)

    {

        gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);

        gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[i]);  /* Turn LED off */

        s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);

    }

 

    release_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN); //释放I/O内存

    iounmap(s3c_gpb_membase);   //iounmap函数取消iounmap()做的映射

}

 

static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)//led开启函数

{

    int minor = iminor(inode);   //获取次设备号

 

    file->private_data = (void *)minor;  //保存到一个全局变量

 

    printk(KERN_DEBUG "/dev/led%d opened.\n", minor);

    return 0;

}

 

static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)  //led关闭函数

{

    printk(KERN_DEBUG "/dev/led%d closed.\n", iminor(inode));

 

    return 0;

}

 

static void print_help(void)      //帮助信息

{

    printk("Follow is the ioctl() commands for %s driver:\n", DEV_NAME);

    //printk("Enable Driver debug command: %u\n", SET_DRV_DEBUG);

    printk("Turn LED on command  : %u\n", LED_ON);

    printk("Turn LED off command : %u\n", LED_OFF);

 

    return;

}

 

static long led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)  //ioctl函数

{

    int which = (int)file->private_data; //接收次设备号

 

    switch (cmd)   //判断led开关

    {

        case LED_ON:

 

            turn_led(which, LED_ON);

            break;

 

        case LED_OFF:

            turn_led(which, LED_OFF);

            break;

 

        default:

            printk(KERN_ERR "%s driver don't support ioctl command=%d\n", DEV_NAME, cmd);

            print_help();

            break;

    }

 

    return 0;

}

 

 

static struct file_operations led_fops =            //fops函数

{

    .owner = THIS_MODULE,

    .open = led_open,

    .release = led_release,

    .unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl,

};

 

static int __init s3c_led_init(void)         //init函数

{

    int                    result;

    dev_t                  devno;

 

    if( 0 != s3c_hw_init() )     //做初始化的判断

    {

        printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440 LED hardware initialize failure.\n");

        return -ENODEV;

    }

 

    /*  Alloc the device for driver */

    if (0 != dev_major) /*  Static */     //静态分配主,次设备号转化为dev_t设备编号

    {

        devno = MKDEV(dev_major, 0);

        result = register_chrdev_region (devno, dev_count, DEV_NAME);

    }

    else

    {

        result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, dev_count, DEV_NAME);//动态分配主,次设备号

        dev_major = MAJOR(devno);

    }

 

    /*  Alloc for device major failure */

    if (result < 0)     //分配失败则打印

    {

        printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver can't use major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);

        return -ENODEV;

}

printk(KERN_DEBUG "S3C %s driver use major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);

 

    if(NULL == (led_cdev=cdev_alloc()) ) //led_cddv分配失败打印

    {

        printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver can't alloc for the cdev.\n", DEV_NAME);

        unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);

        return -ENOMEM;

    }

 

    led_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;  //分配成功,进行参数定义

    cdev_init(led_cdev, &led_fops);  //链接led_cdev和led_fops

 

    result = cdev_add(led_cdev, devno, dev_count);//添加内存

    if (0 != result)      //出错打印

    {

        printk(KERN_INFO "S3C %s driver can't reigster cdev: result=%d\n", DEV_NAME, result);

        goto ERROR;

    }

 

 

    printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver[major=%d] version %d.%d.%d installed successfully!\n",

            DEV_NAME, dev_major, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER);  //打印成功

    return 0;

 

 

ERROR:                 //内存出错执行

    printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver installed failure.\n", DEV_NAME);

    cdev_del(led_cdev);

    unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);

    return result;

}

static void __exit s3c_led_exit(void)     //led退出函数

{

    dev_t devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor);

 

    s3c_hw_term();      //调用清除led操作函数

 

    cdev_del(led_cdev);   //撤销

    unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);

 

    printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d removed!\n",

            DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER);

 

    return ;

}

 

 

 

/* These two functions defined in <linux/init.h> */

module_init(s3c_led_init);

module_exit(s3c_led_exit);

 

module_param(debug, int, S_IRUGO);

module_param(dev_major, int, S_IRUGO);

 

MODULE_AUTHOR(DRV_AUTHOR);

MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRV_DESC);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

以上就是我们的LED相关驱动模块函数。

先是调用module_init函数,在调用s3c_led_init函数,这个函数会调用 s3c_hw_init进行初始化;接着s3c_led_init函数会进行分配主次设备号,按照传入的参数判断是动态分配或者是静态分配;再者是分配结构体,如果链接owner成功就可接着连接fops;然后是ON 和OFF的实现功能,使用ioctl与装入卸载次设备号驱动以及模块信息和fops中与主次设备号结构体链接,ioctl通过传参来实现相应的功能;最后进行撤销。

 

1.2编写Makefile

[luxibao@centos LED]$ vim Makefile

C=/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc

KDIR?=/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0

obj-m:=s3c_led.o

 

default:

        $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=`pwd` modules

        make clean

 

clean:

        rm -f *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers

 

[luxibao@centos LED]$ make

make -C /home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0 M=`pwd` modules

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0'

  CC [M]  /home/luxibao/LED/s3c_led.o

  Building modules, stage 2.

  MODPOST 1 modules

  CC      /home/luxibao/LED/s3c_led.mod.o

  LD [M]  /home/luxibao/LED/s3c_led.ko

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0'

make clean

make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/LED'

rm -f *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/LED'

[luxibao@centos LED]$ ls

Makefile  s3c_led.c  s3c_led.ko

 

2.1编写LED灯程序,点亮LED

[luxibao@centos LED]$ mkdir LED_test

[luxibao@centos LED]$ ls

LED_test  Makefile  s3c_led.c  s3c_led.ko

[luxibao@centos LED]$ cd LED_test

[luxibao@centos LED_test]$ vim test_s3c_led.c

 

/*********************************************************************************

 *      Copyright:  (C) 2016 luxibao<864809344@qq.com>

 *                  All rights reserved.

 *

 *       Filename:  test_s3c_led.c

 *    Description:  This file

 *

 *        Version:  1.0.0(07/31/2016)

 *         Author:  luxibao <864809344@qq.com>

 *      ChangeLog:  1, Release initial version on "07/31/2016 20:32:22"

 *

 ********************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdarg.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <unistd.h>

 

 

#define LED_CNT        4

#define DEVNAME_LEN    10

 

#define PLATDRV_MAGIC             0x60

#define LED_OFF                   _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x18)

#define LED_ON                    _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x19)

 

/********************************************************************************

 *  Description:

 *   Input Args:

 *  Output Args:

 * Return Value:

 ********************************************************************************/

int main (int argc, char **argv)

{

    int           i;

    int           fd[LED_CNT];

    char          dev_name[DEVNAME_LEN]={0,0,0,0};

 

    for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)

    {

        snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/led%d", i);

        fd[i] = open(dev_name, O_RDWR, 0755);

        if(fd[i] < 0)

            goto err;

    }

 

    while(1)

    {

        for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)

        {

            ioctl(fd[i], LED_ON);

        }

        sleep(1);

 

        for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)

        {

            ioctl(fd[i], LED_OFF);

        }

        sleep(1);

    }

 

    for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)

    {

        close(fd[i]);

    }

 

    return 0;

 

err:

    for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)

    {

        if(fd[i] >= 0)

        {

            close(fd[i]);

        }

    }

    return -1;

} /* ----- End of main() ----- */

 

"test_s3c_led.c" 81L, 1952C 已写入                             

[luxibao@centos LED_test]$ /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc test_s3c_led.c

[luxibao@centos LED_test]$ ls

a.out  test_s3c_led.c

 

应用程序使用交叉编译器编译得到a.out。

我们的开发板上将  .ko文件和 a.out 文件 tftp 过去。这板子上会有我们这两个文件,注意这两个文件的权限需要改成可执行。

insmod 文件名.ko  就可以看到我们的主设备号。  如major=251  

 

在开发板上执行的操作:

>: tftp -gr s3c_led.ko 192.168.1.2

s3c_led.ko           100% |*******************************|  6214   0:00:00 ETA

>: tftp -gr a.out 192.168.1.2

a.out                100% |*******************************|  5742   0:00:00 ETA

>: chmod 777 a.out

>: chmod 777 s3c_led.ko

>: insmod s3c_led.ko

S3C led driver[major=251] version 1.0.0 installed successfully!

>: mknod /dev/led0 c 251 0   //手动创建结点

>: mknod /dev/led1 c 251 1

>: mknod /dev/led2 c 251 2

>: mknod /dev/led3 c 251 3

>: ls -l dev/led* //查看我们的设备

crw-r--r--    1 root     root      251,   0 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led0

crw-r--r--    1 root     root      251,   1 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led1

crw-r--r--    1 root     root      251,   2 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led2

crw-r--r--    1 root     root      251,   3 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led3

>: ll a.out

-rwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          5742 Dec 31 17:01 a.out

>: chmod 777 a.out     //权限需要改成可执行

>: ./a.out

最后 ./a.out   LED灯就能在开发板上跑起来,这就可以称为跑马灯

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