linux驱动开发之LED驱动
1.1vim编写LED驱动代码
[luxibao@centos ~]$ mkdir LED
[luxibao@centos ~]$ cd LED
[luxibao@centos LED]$ vim s3c_led.c
/*********************************************************************************
* Copyright: (C) 2016 luxibao <864809344@qq.com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Filename: s3c_led.c
* Description: This file
*
* Version: 1.0.0(07/31/2016~)
* Author: luxibao<864809344@qq.com>
* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "07/31/201620:32:05"
*
********************************************************************************/
#include <linux/module.h> /* Every Linux kernel module must include this head */
#include <linux/init.h> /* Every Linux kernel module must include this head */
#include <linux/kernel.h> /* printk() */
#include <linux/fs.h> /* struct fops */
#include <linux/errno.h> /* error codes */
#include <linux/cdev.h> /* cdev_alloc() */
#include <asm/io.h> /* ioremap() */
#include <linux/ioport.h> /* request_mem_region() */
#include <asm/ioctl.h> /* Linux kernel space head file for macro _IO() to generate ioctl command */
#ifndef __KERNEL__
#include <sys/ioctl.h> /* User space head file for macro _IO() to generate ioctl command */
#endif
//#include <linux/printk.h> /* Define log level KERN_DEBUG, no need include here */
#define DRV_AUTHOR "luxibao <luxibao@qq.com>"
#define DRV_DESC "S3C24XX LED driver"
#define DEV_NAME "led"
#define LED_NUM 4
/* Set the LED dev major number */
//#define LED_MAJOR 79
#ifndef LED_MAJOR
#define LED_MAJOR 0 //主设备号相关宏
#endif
#define DRV_MAJOR_VER 1
#define DRV_MINOR_VER 0
#define DRV_REVER_VER 0
#define DISABLE 0
#define ENABLE 1
#define GPIO_INPUT 0x00
#define GPIO_OUTPUT 0x01
#define PLATDRV_MAGIC 0x60 //魔术字
#define LED_OFF _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x18)
#define LED_ON _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x19)
#define S3C_GPB_BASE 0x56000010 //GPB基地址及偏移地址
#define GPBCON_OFFSET 0
#define GPBDAT_OFFSET 4
#define GPBUP_OFFSET 8
#define S3C_GPB_LEN 0x10 /* 0x56000010~0x56000020 */
int led[LED_NUM] = {5,6,8,10}; /* Four LEDs use GPB5,GPB6,GPB8,GPB10 */
static void __iomem *s3c_gpb_membase; //定义iomem*类型变量
#define s3c_gpio_write(val, reg) __raw_writel((val), (reg)+s3c_gpb_membase)//虚拟地址读取到物理地址
#define s3c_gpio_read(reg) __raw_readl((reg)+s3c_gpb_membase)
int dev_count = ARRAY_SIZE(led); //设备总数
int dev_major = LED_MAJOR; //主设备
int dev_minor = 0; //次设备
int debug = DISABLE;
static struct cdev *led_cdev; //定义结构体指针
static int s3c_hw_init(void) //初始化函数
{
int i;
volatile unsigned long gpb_con, gpb_dat, gpb_up;
if(!request_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN, "s3c2440 led"))//判断是否成功申请一段内存空间
{
return -EBUSY;
}
if( !(s3c_gpb_membase=ioremap(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN)) )//判断虚拟地址到物理地址的映射
{
release_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN);
return -ENOMEM;
}
for(i=0; i<dev_count; i++)
{
/* Set GPBCON register, set correspond GPIO port as input or output mode */
gpb_con = s3c_gpio_read(GPBCON_OFFSET);
gpb_con &= ~(0x3<<(2*led[i])); /* Clear the currespond LED GPIO configure register */
gpb_con |= GPIO_OUTPUT<<(2*led[i]); /* Set the currespond LED GPIO as output mode */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_con, GPBCON_OFFSET);
/* Set GPBUP register, set correspond GPIO port pull up resister as enable or disable */
gpb_up = s3c_gpio_read(GPBUP_OFFSET);
//gpb_up &= ~(0x1<<led[i]); /* Enable pull up resister */
gpb_up |= (0x1<<led[i]); /* Disable pull up resister */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_up, GPBUP_OFFSET);
/* Set GPBDAT register, set correspond GPIO port power level as high level or low level */
gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);
//gpb_dat &= ~(0x1<<led[i]); /* This port set to low level, then turn LED on */
gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[i]); /* This port set to high level, then turn LED off */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);
}
return 0;
}
static void turn_led(int which, unsigned int cmd) //led函数的操作
{
volatile unsigned long gpb_dat;
gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);
if(LED_ON == cmd)
{
gpb_dat &= ~(0x1<<led[which]); /* Turn LED On */
}
else if(LED_OFF == cmd)
{
gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[which]); /* Turn LED off */
}
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);
}
static void s3c_hw_term(void) //清除led操作函数
{
int i;
volatile unsigned long gpb_dat;
for(i=0; i<dev_count; i++)
{
gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);
gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[i]); /* Turn LED off */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);
}
release_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN); //释放I/O内存
iounmap(s3c_gpb_membase); //iounmap函数取消iounmap()做的映射
}
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)//led开启函数
{
int minor = iminor(inode); //获取次设备号
file->private_data = (void *)minor; //保存到一个全局变量
printk(KERN_DEBUG "/dev/led%d opened.\n", minor);
return 0;
}
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) //led关闭函数
{
printk(KERN_DEBUG "/dev/led%d closed.\n", iminor(inode));
return 0;
}
static void print_help(void) //帮助信息
{
printk("Follow is the ioctl() commands for %s driver:\n", DEV_NAME);
//printk("Enable Driver debug command: %u\n", SET_DRV_DEBUG);
printk("Turn LED on command : %u\n", LED_ON);
printk("Turn LED off command : %u\n", LED_OFF);
return;
}
static long led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) //ioctl函数
{
int which = (int)file->private_data; //接收次设备号
switch (cmd) //判断led开关
{
case LED_ON:
turn_led(which, LED_ON);
break;
case LED_OFF:
turn_led(which, LED_OFF);
break;
default:
printk(KERN_ERR "%s driver don't support ioctl command=%d\n", DEV_NAME, cmd);
print_help();
break;
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations led_fops = //fops函数
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.release = led_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl,
};
static int __init s3c_led_init(void) //init函数
{
int result;
dev_t devno;
if( 0 != s3c_hw_init() ) //做初始化的判断
{
printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440 LED hardware initialize failure.\n");
return -ENODEV;
}
/* Alloc the device for driver */
if (0 != dev_major) /* Static */ //静态分配主,次设备号转化为dev_t设备编号
{
devno = MKDEV(dev_major, 0);
result = register_chrdev_region (devno, dev_count, DEV_NAME);
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, dev_count, DEV_NAME);//动态分配主,次设备号
dev_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
/* Alloc for device major failure */
if (result < 0) //分配失败则打印
{
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver can't use major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);
return -ENODEV;
}
printk(KERN_DEBUG "S3C %s driver use major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);
if(NULL == (led_cdev=cdev_alloc()) ) //led_cddv分配失败打印
{
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver can't alloc for the cdev.\n", DEV_NAME);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);
return -ENOMEM;
}
led_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE; //分配成功,进行参数定义
cdev_init(led_cdev, &led_fops); //链接led_cdev和led_fops
result = cdev_add(led_cdev, devno, dev_count);//添加内存
if (0 != result) //出错打印
{
printk(KERN_INFO "S3C %s driver can't reigster cdev: result=%d\n", DEV_NAME, result);
goto ERROR;
}
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver[major=%d] version %d.%d.%d installed successfully!\n",
DEV_NAME, dev_major, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER); //打印成功
return 0;
ERROR: //内存出错执行
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver installed failure.\n", DEV_NAME);
cdev_del(led_cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);
return result;
}
static void __exit s3c_led_exit(void) //led退出函数
{
dev_t devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor);
s3c_hw_term(); //调用清除led操作函数
cdev_del(led_cdev); //撤销
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d removed!\n",
DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER);
return ;
}
/* These two functions defined in <linux/init.h> */
module_init(s3c_led_init);
module_exit(s3c_led_exit);
module_param(debug, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(dev_major, int, S_IRUGO);
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRV_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRV_DESC);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
以上就是我们的LED相关驱动模块函数。
先是调用module_init函数,在调用s3c_led_init函数,这个函数会调用 s3c_hw_init进行初始化;接着s3c_led_init函数会进行分配主次设备号,按照传入的参数判断是动态分配或者是静态分配;再者是分配结构体,如果链接owner成功就可接着连接fops;然后是ON 和OFF的实现功能,使用ioctl与装入卸载次设备号驱动以及模块信息和fops中与主次设备号结构体链接,ioctl通过传参来实现相应的功能;最后进行撤销。
1.2编写Makefile
[luxibao@centos LED]$ vim Makefile
C=/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc
KDIR?=/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0
obj-m:=s3c_led.o
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=`pwd` modules
make clean
clean:
rm -f *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers
[luxibao@centos LED]$ make
make -C /home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0 M=`pwd` modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0'
CC [M] /home/luxibao/LED/s3c_led.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/luxibao/LED/s3c_led.mod.o
LD [M] /home/luxibao/LED/s3c_led.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0'
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/LED'
rm -f *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/LED'
[luxibao@centos LED]$ ls
Makefile s3c_led.c s3c_led.ko
2.1编写LED灯程序,点亮LED灯
[luxibao@centos LED]$ mkdir LED_test
[luxibao@centos LED]$ ls
LED_test Makefile s3c_led.c s3c_led.ko
[luxibao@centos LED]$ cd LED_test
[luxibao@centos LED_test]$ vim test_s3c_led.c
/*********************************************************************************
* Copyright: (C) 2016 luxibao<864809344@qq.com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Filename: test_s3c_led.c
* Description: This file
*
* Version: 1.0.0(07/31/2016)
* Author: luxibao <864809344@qq.com>
* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "07/31/2016 20:32:22"
*
********************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define LED_CNT 4
#define DEVNAME_LEN 10
#define PLATDRV_MAGIC 0x60
#define LED_OFF _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x18)
#define LED_ON _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x19)
/********************************************************************************
* Description:
* Input Args:
* Output Args:
* Return Value:
********************************************************************************/
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
int fd[LED_CNT];
char dev_name[DEVNAME_LEN]={0,0,0,0};
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/led%d", i);
fd[i] = open(dev_name, O_RDWR, 0755);
if(fd[i] < 0)
goto err;
}
while(1)
{
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
ioctl(fd[i], LED_ON);
}
sleep(1);
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
ioctl(fd[i], LED_OFF);
}
sleep(1);
}
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
close(fd[i]);
}
return 0;
err:
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
if(fd[i] >= 0)
{
close(fd[i]);
}
}
return -1;
} /* ----- End of main() ----- */
"test_s3c_led.c" 81L, 1952C 已写入
[luxibao@centos LED_test]$ /opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc test_s3c_led.c
[luxibao@centos LED_test]$ ls
a.out test_s3c_led.c
应用程序使用交叉编译器编译得到a.out。
在我们的开发板上将 .ko文件和 a.out 文件 tftp 过去。这时板子上会有我们这两个文件,注意这两个文件的权限需要改成可执行。
insmod 文件名.ko 就可以看到我们的主设备号。 如major=251
在开发板上执行的操作:
>: tftp -gr s3c_led.ko 192.168.1.2
s3c_led.ko 100% |*******************************| 6214 0:00:00 ETA
>: tftp -gr a.out 192.168.1.2
a.out 100% |*******************************| 5742 0:00:00 ETA
>: chmod 777 a.out
>: chmod 777 s3c_led.ko
>: insmod s3c_led.ko
S3C led driver[major=251] version 1.0.0 installed successfully!
>: mknod /dev/led0 c 251 0 //手动创建结点
>: mknod /dev/led1 c 251 1
>: mknod /dev/led2 c 251 2
>: mknod /dev/led3 c 251 3
>: ls -l dev/led* //查看我们的设备
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 251, 0 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led0
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 251, 1 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led1
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 251, 2 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led2
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 251, 3 Dec 31 17:05 dev/led3
>: ll a.out
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5742 Dec 31 17:01 a.out
>: chmod 777 a.out //权限需要改成可执行
>: ./a.out
最后 ./a.out LED灯就能在开发板上跑起来,这就可以称为跑马灯了