【1】基本概念
建造(Builder)模式是一种对象构建的设计模式,它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象。
【2】简单分析
我们先来看一下该设计模式的UML结构图
上图是Strategy 模式的结构图,让我们可以进行更方便的描述:
- Builder
- 为创建一个Product对象的各个部件指定抽象接口。
- ConcreteBuilder
- 实现Builder的接口以构造和装配该产品的各个部件。
- 定义并明确它所创建的表示。
- 提供一个检索产品的接口
- Director
- 构造一个使用Builder接口的对象。
- Product
- 表示被构造的复杂对象。ConcreateBuilder创建该产品的内部表示并定义它的装配过程。
- 包含定义组成部件的类,包括将这些部件装配成最终产品的接口。
-
- 当创建复杂对象(这些对象内部构建间的建造顺序通常是稳定的)的算法应该独立于该对象的组成部分以及它们的装配方式时;
- 当构造过程必须允许被构造的对象有不同的表示时。
下面以一个简单的例子来展示该模式,先看下代码结构图:
3.1 先创建一个Product类--产品类:
package com.andyidea.patterns.product;
/**
* Product--产品类
* @author Andy.Chen
*
*/
public class Pizza {
private String dough;
private String sauce;
private String topping;
public void setDough(String dough) {
this.dough = dough;
}
public void setSauce(String sauce) {
this.sauce = sauce;
}
public void setTopping(String topping) {
this.topping = topping;
}
}
3.2 创建抽象建造者类:PizzaBuilder.java
package com.andyidea.patterns.builder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.product.Pizza;
/**
* Builder类--抽象建造者类
* @author Andy.Chen
*
*/
public abstract class PizzaBuilder {
protected Pizza pizza;
public Pizza getPizza() {
return pizza;
}
public void createNewPizzaProduct() {
pizza = new Pizza();
}
public abstract void buildDough();
public abstract void buildSauce();
public abstract void buildTopping();
}
3.3 创建具体建造者类
HawaiianPizzaBuilder.java源码:
package com.andyidea.patterns.concretebuilder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.builder.PizzaBuilder;
/**
* ConcreteBuilder类--具体建造者类
* @author Andy.Chen
*
*/
public class HawaiianPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
@Override
public void buildDough() {
System.out.println("Hawaiian-Dough");
pizza.setDough("Hawaiian-Dough");
}
@Override
public void buildSauce() {
System.out.println("Hawaiian-Sauce");
pizza.setSauce("Hawaiian-Sauce");
}
@Override
public void buildTopping() {
System.out.println("Hawaiian-Topping");
pizza.setTopping("Hawaiian-Topping");
}
}
SpicyPizzaBuilder.java源码:
package com.andyidea.patterns.concretebuilder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.builder.PizzaBuilder;
/**
* ConcreteBuilder类--具体建造者类
* @author Andy.Chen
*
*/
public class SpicyPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
@Override
public void buildDough() {
System.out.println("Spicy-Dough");
pizza.setDough("Spicy-Dough");
}
@Override
public void buildSauce() {
System.out.println("Spicy-Sauce");
pizza.setSauce("Spicy-Sauce");
}
@Override
public void buildTopping() {
System.out.println("Spicy-Topping");
pizza.setTopping("Spicy-Topping");
}
}
3.4 创建指挥者(Director)类:Waiter.java
package com.andyidea.patterns.director;
import com.andyidea.patterns.builder.PizzaBuilder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.product.Pizza;
/**
* Director类--指挥者类
* @author Andy.Chen
*
*/
public class Waiter {
private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder;
public void setPizzaBuilder (PizzaBuilder pb) {
pizzaBuilder = pb;
}
public Pizza getPizza() {
return pizzaBuilder.getPizza();
}
public void constructPizza() {
pizzaBuilder.createNewPizzaProduct();
pizzaBuilder.buildDough();
pizzaBuilder.buildSauce();
pizzaBuilder.buildTopping();
}
}
3.5 测试类:BuilderClient.java
package com.andyidea.patterns.client;
import com.andyidea.patterns.builder.PizzaBuilder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.concretebuilder.HawaiianPizzaBuilder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.concretebuilder.SpicyPizzaBuilder;
import com.andyidea.patterns.director.Waiter;
import com.andyidea.patterns.product.Pizza;
public class BuilderClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Andy.Chen Blog!" +"\n"
+"Builder Patterns." +"\n");
Waiter waiter = new Waiter();
PizzaBuilder hawaiian_pizzabuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder();
PizzaBuilder spicy_pizzabuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder();
System.out.println("------------HawaiianPizza------------");
waiter.setPizzaBuilder(hawaiian_pizzabuilder);
waiter.constructPizza();
System.out.println("------------SpicyPizza------------");
waiter.setPizzaBuilder(spicy_pizzabuilder);
waiter.constructPizza();
Pizza pizza = waiter.getPizza();
}
}
【4】程序运行结果:
Welcome to Andy.Chen Blog!
Builder Patterns.
------------HawaiianPizza------------
Hawaiian-Dough
Hawaiian-Sauce
Hawaiian-Topping
------------SpicyPizza------------
Spicy-Dough
Spicy-Sauce
Spicy-Topping
通过上面我们可以看到:建造者模式的好处就是使得建造代码与表示代码分离,由于建造者隐藏了该产品是如何组装的,所以若需要改变一个产品的内部表示,只需要再定义一个具体的建造者就可以了。