Android多线程(二)AsyncTask源码分析

转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/45041923

AsyncTask的基本用法这里就不在赘述了,是个安卓开发者就会。

1.android 3.0以前的 AsyncTask

private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;  
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;  
private static final it KEEP_ALIVE = 10;  
……  
private static final ThreadPoolExecutor sExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,  
        MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);  

在这里我们又看到了ThreadPoolExecutor,它的原理我已经在上一篇介绍过了http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/44874511

在这里同一时刻能够运行的线程数为5个,线程池总大小为128,当线程数大于核心时,终止前多余的空闲线程等待新任务的最长时间为10秒。在3.0之前的AsyncTask可以同时有5个任务在执行,而3.0之后的AsyncTask同时只能有1个任务在执行。

2.让我们来看看android 4.3版本的 AsyncTask

AsyncTask构造函数:

 /**
     * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
     */
    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

这段代码初始化了两个变量,mWorker和mFuture,并在初始化mFuture的时候将mWorker作为参数传入。mWorker是一个Callable对象,mFuture是一个FutureTask对象,这两个变量会暂时保存在内存中,稍后才会用到它们。

我们要运用AsyncTask时,大多时候会调用execute()方法,来看看execute()的源码:

    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);}

 

返回了executeOnExecutor并传进去sDefaultExecutor(默认的线程池)。先看看executeOnExecutor的源码:

 public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

传入的线程池exec调用了execute方法并将上文提到的mFuture传了进去。

这个传进来的线程池sDefaultExecutor就是默认的线程池SerialExecutor也就是调用了SerialExecutor的execute()方法:

  public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
  private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;

SerialExecutor的源码:

        private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }


调用SerialExecutor的execute方法这里可以看到传进来一个Runnable,这个Runnable就是上文提到的mFuture(FutureTask),第九行执行了FutureTask的run方法:

 public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }


在run方法中执行了c.call,这里的c就是我们上文提到的mWorker(WorkerRunnable)。执行WorkerRunnable的call方法:

 mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
            }


最后一行postResult()方法源码:

 private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

我们发现就是发送了一个消息,上面的代码发送的消息由这里接受:

private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }


消息是MESSAGE_POST_RESULT所以会执行 result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0])  ,finish源码:

  private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

当被取消时会执行 onCancelled(result);否则就会调用 onPostExecute(result);这样我们就可以在onPostExecute方发中得到我们需要的结果result来进行下一步的处理了。


3.AsyncTask中的线程池 
      AsyncTask中一共定义了两个线程池一个是此前我们已经介绍了线程池SerialExecutor,这个是目前我们调用AsyncTask.execute()方法默认使用的线程池,这个在前一篇文章中已经讲到过了,另一个是3.0版本之前的默认线程池THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR。现在我们来回顾一下SerialExecutor的源码:
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

这个默认的线程池同一时间只能处理一个任务,一个任务完成以后才可以执行下一个任务,相当于Executors.newSingleThreadPool()。上面的arrayDeque是一个装载Runnable的队列,如果我们一次性启动了很多个任务,在第一次运行execute()方法的时候会调用ArrayDeque的offer()方法将传入的Runnable对象添加到队列的尾部, 然后判断mActive对象是不是等于null,第一次运行等于null,于是调用scheduleNext()方法。另外在finally中也调用了scheduleNext()方法,这样保证每次当一个任务执行完毕后,下一个任务才会执行。我们来看看scheduleNext()方法的源码:

  protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }

首先从runnable队列的头部取值,如果不为空就赋值给mActive对象,然后调用THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR去执行取出的Runnable对象。THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR源码:
  private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
...
  public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
            = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);

这是3.0版本之前的线程池,同一时刻能够运行的线程数为5个,workQueue总大小为128。当我们启动10个任务,只有5个任务能够优先执行,其余的任务放在workQueue中,当workQueue大于128时就会调用RejectedExecutionHandler来做拒绝处理。当然在3.0之前是并没有SerialExecutor这个类的。如果不希望用默认线程池我们也可以使用这个3.0版本之前的线程池
AsyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, null);

同时3.0版本也提供了executeOnExecutor这个方法可以传入AsyncTask定义的线程池也可以传入Executor定义的4种线程池,不知道这四种线程池的可以看http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/44874511
传入CachedThreadPool:
                LikeListTask mLikeListTask=new LikeListTask();
		mLikeListTask.executeOnExecutor(Executors.newCachedThreadPool(), null);
当然我们也可以传入自定义的线程池:
Executor exec =new ThreadPoolExecutor(0,  Integer.MAX_VALUE,     
				  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());    
		new LikeListTask().executeOnExecutor(exec, null);
我们看到这里定义的是一个类似于CachedThreadPool的一个线程池














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