跟着书敲了一个矢量类,记录如下:
Vector要实现矢量的基本运算,最重要的是为后面实现Drunkard Walk problem打下基础,从这个简单的例子中体会一些OOP思想的运用。
//vect.h
#ifndef VECTOR_H
#define VECTOR_H
#include<iostream>
namespace VECTOR
{
class Vector {
public:
enum Mode { RECT, POL };
//rectangular mode polar mode
private:
double x;
double y;
double mag;//magnitude of Vector
double ang;//direction of Vector in degrees
Mode mode;//RECT or POL
void set_mag();
void set_ang();
void set_x();
void set_y();
public:
Vector();
Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
void reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
~Vector();
double xval()const { return x; }
double yval()const { return y; }
double magval()const{return mag;}
double angval()const { return ang; }
void polar_mode();
void rect_mode();
//operator overloading
Vector operator+(const Vector & b)const;
Vector operator-(const Vector & b)const;
Vector operator-()const;//reverse sign of Vector
Vector operator*(double n)const;
//friends
friend Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a);
friend std::ostream &
operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v);
};
}
#endif
// vector.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include"vect.h"
using std::sqrt;
using std::sin;
using std::cos;
using std::atan;
using std::cout;
namespace VECTOR {
//compute degrees
const double Rad_to_deg = 45.0 / atan(1.0);
void Vector::set_mag() {
mag = sqrt(x * x + y * y);
}
void Vector::set_ang() {
if (x == 0.0 && y == 0.0)
ang = 0.0;
else
ang = atan2(y, x);
}
//set x from polar coordinate
void Vector::set_x()
{
x = mag * cos(ang);
}
void Vector::set_y()
{
y = mag * sin(ang);
}
Vector::Vector() {
x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
mode = RECT;
}
Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
{
mode = form;
if (form == RECT)
{
x = n1;
y = n2;
set_mag();
set_ang();
}
else if (form == POL)
{
mag = n1;
ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
set_x();
set_y();
}
else
{
cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() --";
cout << " Vector set to 0 \n";
x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
mode = RECT;
}
}
void Vector::reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
{
mode = form;
if (form == RECT)
{
x = n1;
y = n2;
set_mag();
set_ang();
}
else if (form == POL) {
mag = n1;
ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
set_x();
set_y();
}
else
{
cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() --";
cout << " Vector set to 0 \n";
x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
mode = RECT;
}
}
Vector::~Vector() {};
void Vector::polar_mode()
{
mode = POL;
}
void Vector::rect_mode() {
mode = RECT;
}
//operator overloading
Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector & b)const
{
return Vector(x + b.x, y + b.y);
}
Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector & b)const
{
return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y);
}
Vector Vector::operator-()const
{
return Vector(-x, -y);
}
Vector Vector::operator*(double n)const
{
return Vector(n * x, n * y);
}
//multiply n by Vector a
Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a)
{
return n * a;
}
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v)
{
if (v.mode == Vector::RECT)
os << "(x,y) = (" << v.x << "," << v.y << ")";
else if (v.mode == Vector::POL)
{
os << "(m,a) = (" << v.mag << "," << v.ang * Rad_to_deg << ")";
}
else
os << "Vector object mode is invalid";
return os;
}
}
接下来是随机漫步问题:将一个人领到街灯柱下,这个人开始走动,但每一步方向都是随机的,求这个人走到离灯柱50英尺需要多少步。
#include"stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include"vect.h"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
using VECTOR::Vector;
srand(time(0));
double direction;
Vector step;
Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
unsigned long steps = 0;
double target;
double dstep;
cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
while (cin >> target)
{
cout << "Enter target step length: ";
if (!(cin >> dstep))
break;
while (result.magval() < target)
{
direction = rand() % 360;
step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
result = result + step;
steps++;
}
cout << "After " << steps << " steps,the subject "
"has the following location:\n";
cout << result << endl;
result.polar_mode();
cout << " or\n" << result << endl;
cout << " Average outward distance per step = ";
cout << result.magval() / steps << endl;
steps = 0;
result.reset(0.0, 0.0);
cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
}
cout << "Bye!\n";
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
return 0;
}