i2c 驱动四：sysfs文件系统

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-20 02:57:32 发布

qqliyunpeng

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-20 02:57:32 发布

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分类专栏： linux驱动文章标签： sysfs i2c驱动 linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qqliyunpeng/article/details/53080084

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41 篇文章 7 订阅

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有关linux的i2c相关文章有一下几篇，他们互相关联，应该一同看：

- i2c 驱动一：简介

- i2c 驱动二：devfs文件系统

- i2c 驱动三：自己实现设备和驱动分离

- i2c 驱动四：sysfs文件系统

- i2c 驱动五：gpio模拟i2c

1. 用 sysfs 实现 i2c，其实质是将 i2c 和 sysfs 结合起来，那首先来看看什么是 sysfs：

【1】sysfs简介：sysfs 是基于内存的虚拟的文件系统，他的作用于 proc 相似，他的设计是吸取的 proc 中的很多教训，使之导出内核或其他的数据的方式更为统一

【2】此部分，有一个博客写的很好，在这里，暂时不做整理，直接点击跳转

【3】借助于 sysfs ，我们可以把要呈现的参数/数据以文件夹的形式呈现给用户，最直接的好处是你能够用命令行来读(cat)写(echo)参数/数据

【4】对sysfs中的函数，有一篇文章写的很好，直接点击跳转

2. 说的再多，不如一个例子：

由于手头上有个 mpu6050，所以，就以mpu6050为例，采用的传感器的小板子是 GY-521

目录结构：

.
├── dev
│ ├── Makefile
│ └── mpu6050_dev.c
└── dri
├── Makefile
└── mpu6050_dri.c

mpu6050_dev.c

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

static struct i2c_client *mpu6050_clientp;

static struct i2c_board_info mpu6050_i2c_devs = {
        .type = "mpu6050",
        .addr = 0x68,
        /*I2C_BOARD_INFO("mpu6050", 0x50), //这个宏是上边两个变量赋值的替换*/
};

static int mpu6050_dev_init(void)
{
    struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap;    //分配一个适配器的指针

    printk("mpu6050_dev_init.\n");

    i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(0);   //0 是 i2c 总线编号

    mpu6050_clientp = i2c_new_device(i2c_adap, &mpu6050_i2c_devs); //只能添加一个
    if (!mpu6050_clientp)
        printk("register i2c error!\n");

    i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap);       //释放 adapter

    return 0;
}

static void mpu6050_dev_exit(void)
{
    printk("mpu6050_dev_exit.\n");
    i2c_unregister_device(mpu6050_clientp);
}

module_init(mpu6050_dev_init);
module_exit(mpu6050_dev_exit);

Makefile

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

#KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build 
KERNELDIR ?= ~/wor_lip/linux-3.4.112
PWD := $(shell pwd)

modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:
	rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions modules* Module*

.PHONY: modules modules_install clean

else
	obj-m := mpu6050_dev.o
endif

mpu6050_dri.c

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

#define SMPLRT_DIV      0x19
#define CONFIG          0x1A
#define GYRO_CONFIG     0x1B
#define ACCEL_CONFIG    0x1C
#define ACCEL_XOUT_H    0x3B
#define ACCEL_XOUT_L    0x3C
#define ACCEL_YOUT_H    0x3D
#define ACCEL_YOUT_L    0x3E
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_H    0x3F
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_L    0x40
#define TEMP_OUT_H      0x41
#define TEMP_OUT_L      0x42
#define GYRO_XOUT_H     0x43
#define GYRO_XOUT_L     0x44
#define GYRO_YOUT_H     0x45
#define GYRO_YOUT_L     0x46
#define GYRO_ZOUT_H     0x47
#define GYRO_ZOUT_L     0x48
#define PWR_MGMT_1      0x6B

static struct kobject *example_kobj;
struct i2c_client *glb_client;

static int mpu6050_read_byte(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned char reg)
{
    int ret;

    char txbuf[1] = { reg  };
    char rxbuf[1];

    struct i2c_msg msg[] = {
        {client->addr, 0, 1, txbuf},
        {client->addr, I2C_M_RD, 1, rxbuf}

    };

    ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, ARRAY_SIZE(msg));
    if (ret < 0) {
        printk("ret = %d\n", ret);
        return ret;

    }

    return rxbuf[0];
}

static int mpu6050_write_byte(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned char reg, unsigned char val)
{
    char txbuf[2] = {reg, val};

    struct i2c_msg msg[] = {
        {client->addr, 0, 2, txbuf},

    };

    i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, ARRAY_SIZE(msg));

    return 0;
}

/* 读/sys/kernel/mpu6050_i2c文件下的文件时调用 */
static ssize_t foo_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
        char *buf) /* buf是返回给用户空间的值 */
{
    unsigned short accel_x = 0, accel_y = 0, accel_z = 0;  
    unsigned short gyro_x = 0, gyro_y = 0, gyro_z = 0;  
    unsigned short temp = 0;  

    mpu6050_write_byte(glb_client, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00);
    mpu6050_write_byte(glb_client, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x07);
    mpu6050_write_byte(glb_client, CONFIG, 0x06);
    mpu6050_write_byte(glb_client, GYRO_CONFIG, 0x18);
    mpu6050_write_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x01);
    mdelay(10);

    accel_x = mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_XOUT_L);
    accel_x |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_XOUT_H) << 8;

    accel_y =  mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_YOUT_L);
    accel_y |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_YOUT_H) << 8;

    accel_z = mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_ZOUT_L);
    accel_z |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, ACCEL_ZOUT_H) << 8;

    printk("acceleration data: x = %04x, y = %04x, z = %04x\n", accel_x, accel_y, accel_z);

    gyro_x = mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, GYRO_XOUT_L);
    gyro_x |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, GYRO_XOUT_H) << 8;

    gyro_y = mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, GYRO_YOUT_L);
    gyro_y |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, GYRO_YOUT_H) << 8;

    gyro_z = mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, GYRO_ZOUT_L);
    gyro_z |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, GYRO_ZOUT_H) << 8;

    printk("gyroscope data: x = %04x, y = %04x, z = %04x\n", gyro_x, gyro_y, gyro_z); 

    temp = mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, TEMP_OUT_L); 
    temp |= mpu6050_read_byte(glb_client, TEMP_OUT_H) << 8; 

    printk("temperature data: %x\n", temp);


    return sprintf(buf, "%x\n", temp);
}

/* 写/sys/kernel/mpu6050_i2c文件下的文件时调用 */
static ssize_t foo_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
        const char *buf, size_t count)
{
    return 0;
}

static struct kobj_attribute foo_attribute =
__ATTR(mpu6050_accelerationd, 0666, foo_show, foo_store);
/* (文件名, 文件权限, 读这个文件时调用的函数, 写文件时调用时的函数)
 * 在/sys/kernel/mpu6050_i2c/下的文件
 */

static struct kobj_attribute foo_attribute2 =
__ATTR(mpu6050_gyroscope, 0666, foo_show, foo_store);

static struct kobj_attribute foo_attribute3 =
__ATTR(mpu6050_temperature, 0666, foo_show, foo_store);

/*
 * 创建一个属性组,方便我们一次性的创建和删除
 */
static struct attribute *attrs[] = {
    &foo_attribute.attr,
    &foo_attribute2.attr,
    &foo_attribute3.attr,
    NULL,  /* 需要用NULL来表示属性列表的结束 */

};

/*
 * An unnamed attribute group will put all of the attributes directly in
 * the kobject directory.  If we specify a name, a subdirectory will be
 * created for the attributes with the directory being the name of the
 * attribute group.
 */
static struct attribute_group attr_group = {
    .attrs = attrs,

};


static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
    int retval;
    glb_client = client;

    /*
     * 创建目录 /sys/kernel/mpu6050_i2c
     */
    example_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("mpu6050_i2c", kernel_kobj); /* (kernel_kobj这个父文件夹下的叫mpu6050_i2c的文件夹) */
    if (!example_kobj)
        return -ENOMEM;

    /* Create the files associated with this kobject */
    retval = sysfs_create_group(example_kobj, &attr_group);
    if (retval)
        kobject_put(example_kobj);

    return 0;
}

static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
    /*struct bin_attribute *binp;*/

    /*binp = i2c_get_clientdata(client);*/

    /*sysfs_remove_bin_file(&client->dev.kobj, binp);*/

    kobject_put(example_kobj);

    printk("driver removed.\n");

    return 0;
}

static const struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_id[] = {
    { "mpu6050", 0 },
}; 

/*MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, mpu6050_id);*/

static struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver = {
    .driver = {
        .name           = "xx",    //供模块匹配用
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
    },
    .probe      = mpu6050_probe,
    .remove     = mpu6050_remove,
    .id_table   = mpu6050_id,     /* 用于I2C driver的probe函数调用 */
};

/*i2c_add_driver();*/

module_i2c_driver(mpu6050_driver);//简单方式，内核中是个宏，完成了模块的初始化和卸载

【1】当设备和驱动匹配成功后，会在 /sys/kernel/ 下创建一个mpu6050_i2c 目录，里边有3个文件，如下图