linux sysvinit与upstart(2)

本文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/spch2008/article/details/9469775

有一个upstart的介绍，我觉得写的很清楚，值得一看。

这里采用的测试环境为ubuntu 12.04 server

Job：可以认为是一个服务或一个任务。可以通过配置文件来定义一个Job，如spch2008.conf，这样就定义了一个

名为spch2008的Job。该配置文件放置于/etc/init下。

Script：配置文件中写入相应的脚本，完成指定功能。

#脚本格式
script
    # do some thing
    if [ ... ]; then
        ...
    fi
end script


pre-start script
    # prepare environment
    mkdir -p /var/run/foo
end script

Job States：状态迁移

Job State Transitions.

Current State	Goal
	start	stop
waiting	starting	n/a
starting	pre-start	stopping
pre-start	spawned	stopping
spawned	post-start	stopping
post-start	running	stopping
running	stopping	pre-stop or stopping [11]
pre-stop	running	stopping
stopping	killed	killed
killed	post-stop	post-stop
post-stop	starting	waiting

假如当前状态处于waiting，执行start命令。首先由waiting转移到starting，然后starting==》pre-start==》spawned==》post-start==》running。

到达running状态，程序就运行起来了。

waiting : initial state.               
starting : job is about to start.      
pre-start : running pre-start section. 
spawned : about to run script or exec section.
post-start : running post-start section.
running : interim state set after post-start section processed denoting job is running 
pre-stop : running pre-stop section.
stopping : interim state set after pre-stop section processed.
killed : job is about to be stopped.
post-stop : running post-stop section.

从上述可以看出，pre-start状态对应于”pre-start script  end script“代码段，即处于pre-start状态时，正在执行pre-start script代码段。

实例：通过一个实例观察状态迁移过程。

#spch2008.conf
script
        mkdir -p /home/spch2008
        chown root:root /home/spch2008
end script

将上述代码保存为spch2008.conf，放置于/etc/init目录下。

执行：

root@nova-controller:/var/log# initctl log-priority debug

启动服务：

root@nova-controller:/var/log# status spch2008
spch2008 stop/waiting
root@nova-controller:/var/log# start spch2008
spch2008 start/running, process 22805
root@nova-controller:/var/log# 

上述过程在/home下创建了spch2008文件夹。

打开/var/log/syslog 看一下状态迁移情况。

root@nova-controller:/var/log# cat syslog  | grep init

很清楚的显示了各个状态的迁移情况。

init: spch2008 goal changed from stop to start
init: spch2008 state changed from waiting to starting
init: event_new: Pending starting event
init: Handling starting event
init: event_finished: Finished starting event
init: spch2008 state changed from starting to pre-start
init: spch2008 state changed from pre-start to spawned
init: spch2008 main process (22538)
init: spch2008 state changed from spawned to post-start
init: spch2008 state changed from post-start to running
init: event_new: Pending started event
init: Handling started event
init: event_finished: Finished started event
init: spch2008 main process (22538) exited normally
init: spch2008 goal changed from start to stop
init: spch2008 state changed from running to stopping
init: event_new: Pending stopping event
init: Handling stopping event
init: event_finished: Finished stopping event
init: spch2008 state changed from stopping to killed
init: spch2008 state changed from killed to post-stop
init: spch2008 state changed from post-stop to waiting
init: event_new: Pending stopped event
init: job_change_state: Destroyed inactive instance spch2008
init: Handling stopped event
init: event_finished: Finished stopped event

那么如何让程序可以在开机的时候自动运行呢？可以在rc.local中，写入相应的命令。但upstart可以通过事件完成。

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [016]

run level在上一篇linux sysvinit已经说明了，上述命令在level2,3,4,5情况下启动，在0,1,6情况下关闭。

参考：http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/