在Hibernate中,Entity类可以继承Entity类或非Entity类。但是,关系数据库表之间不存在继承的关系。那么在Entity类之间的继承关系,在数据库表中如何表示呢?
Hibernate提供了4种兼容JPA的策略,解决Entity类的继承与关系数据库表的对应不匹配问题。这里介绍第一种MappedSuperclass。
在这种策略中,存在如下特征:
- 只在Entity类之间存在继承关系,其中的父Entity类使用@javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass标注。
- 在关系数据库中没有父Entity类,一个具体子Entity类对应一个表,其中包含一个具体子Entity类的全部属性(包含父Entity类的属性)。
示例中,父Entity类定义如下:
@MappedSuperclass
public static class Account {
@Id
private Long id;
private String owner;
private BigDecimal balance;
private BigDecimal interestRate;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getOwner() {
return owner;
}
public void setOwner(String owner) {
this.owner = owner;
}
public BigDecimal getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(BigDecimal balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}
public BigDecimal getInterestRate() {
return interestRate;
}
public void setInterestRate(BigDecimal interestRate) {
this.interestRate = interestRate;
}
}
子Entity类定义如下:
@Entity(name = "DebitAccount")
public static class DebitAccount extends Account {
private BigDecimal overdraftFee;
public BigDecimal getOverdraftFee() {
return overdraftFee;
}
public void setOverdraftFee(BigDecimal overdraftFee) {
this.overdraftFee = overdraftFee;
}
}
另一个子Entity类定义如下:
@Entity(name = "CreditAccount")
public static class CreditAccount extends Account {
private BigDecimal creditLimit;
public BigDecimal getCreditLimit() {
return creditLimit;
}
public void setCreditLimit(BigDecimal creditLimit) {
this.creditLimit = creditLimit;
}
}
数据库表结构如下:
CREATE TABLE DebitAccount (
id BIGINT NOT NULL ,
balance NUMERIC(19, 2) ,
interestRate NUMERIC(19, 2) ,
owner VARCHAR(255) ,
overdraftFee NUMERIC(19, 2) ,
PRIMARY KEY ( id )
)
CREATE TABLE CreditAccount (
id BIGINT NOT NULL ,
balance NUMERIC(19, 2) ,
interestRate NUMERIC(19, 2) ,
owner VARCHAR(255) ,
creditLimit NUMERIC(19, 2) ,
PRIMARY KEY ( id )
)