工程源码:http://download.csdn.net/detail/victoryckl/4074654
一个增强版本源码:通过对fb0的操作,实现截屏,和送图片到fb0,支持rgb565 rgb888 xrgb8888格式的bmp和fb0
好久没有看,这两天在折腾一下,更新一下:修正了framebuffer bgra_8888格式截图变红的问题
[2017.07.06][C语言]在Android上,通过读写fb0(FrameBuffer),实现截图和显示BMP图片 http://download.csdn.net/detail/victoryckl/9890400
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android上用C语言读取fb0实现截屏,保存为bmp图片,
支持16位(rgb565)、24位(rbg888)两种格式数据,并在android2.2和4.0模拟器上验证通过。
截屏实现主要有两个方面的工作,读取屏幕数据和生成图片。
1.读取屏幕数据
只读方式打开显存设备 /dev/graphics/fb0,再通过mmap用共享方式(MAP_SHARED)映射到一片内存中,其他地方就可以直接以内存的方式读取屏幕数据了。
要注意的是,fb0的虚拟显示设备尺寸,大于实际屏幕显示设备的尺寸,mmap映射时需将安装虚拟尺寸进行映射,否则,截屏可能失败。
针对显存设备的主要代码:
/********************************************************************
created: 2012/02/07
filename: myfb.c
author:
purpose:
*********************************************************************/
#ifndef WIN32
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/kd.h>
struct FB {
unsigned short *bits;
unsigned size;
int fd;
struct fb_fix_screeninfo fi;
struct fb_var_screeninfo vi;
};
int fb_bpp(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
return fb->vi.bits_per_pixel;
}
return 0;
}
int fb_width(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
return fb->vi.xres;
}
return 0;
}
int fb_height(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
return fb->vi.yres;
}
return 0;
}
int fb_size(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
unsigned bytespp = fb->vi.bits_per_pixel / 8;
return (fb->vi.xres * fb->vi.yres * bytespp);
}
return 0;
}
int fb_virtual_size(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
unsigned bytespp = fb->vi.bits_per_pixel / 8;
return (fb->vi.xres_virtual * fb->vi.yres_virtual * bytespp);
}
return 0;
}
void * fb_bits(struct FB *fb)
{
unsigned short * bits = NULL;
if (fb) {
int offset, bytespp;
bytespp = fb->vi.bits_per_pixel / 8;
/* HACK: for several of our 3d cores a specific alignment
* is required so the start of the fb may not be an integer number of lines
* from the base. As a result we are storing the additional offset in
* xoffset. This is not the correct usage for xoffset, it should be added
* to each line, not just once at the beginning */
offset = fb->vi.xoffset * bytespp;
offset += fb->vi.xres * fb->vi.yoffset * bytespp;
bits = fb->bits + offset / sizeof(*fb->bits);
}
return bits;
}
void fb_update(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
fb->vi.yoffset = 1;
ioctl(fb->fd, FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO, &fb->vi);
fb->vi.yoffset = 0;
ioctl(fb->fd, FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO, &fb->vi);
}
}
static int fb_open(struct FB *fb)
{
if (NULL == fb) {
return -1;
}
fb->fd = open("/dev/graphics/fb0", O_RDONLY);
if (fb->fd < 0) {
printf("open(\"/dev/graphics/fb0\") failed!\n");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(fb->fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &fb->fi) < 0) {
printf("FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO failed!\n");
goto fail;
}
if (ioctl(fb->fd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &fb->vi) < 0) {
printf("FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO failed!\n");
goto fail;
}
fb->bits = mmap(0, fb_virtual_size(fb), PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fb->fd, 0);
if (fb->bits == MAP_FAILED) {
printf("mmap() failed!\n");
goto fail;
}
return 0;
fail:
close(fb->fd);
return -1;
}
static void fb_close(struct FB *fb)
{
if (fb) {
munmap(fb->bits, fb_virtual_size(fb));
close(fb->fd);
}
}
static struct FB g_fb;
struct FB * fb_create(void)
{
memset(&g_fb, 0, sizeof(struct FB));
if (fb_open(&g_fb)) {
return NULL;
}
return &g_fb;
}
void fb_destory(struct FB *fb)
{
fb_close(fb);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif//#ifndef WIN32
2.生成图片
这里生成的图片是bmp格式的,可以根据设备像素的位数自动生成16位(rgb565)、24位(rbg888)两种图片。
主要工作是要正确填充bmp的文件头信息,24位(rbg888)较简单。
16位(rgb565)复杂一点,biCompression成员的值必须是BI_BITFIELDS,原来调色板的前三个位置被三个DWORD变量占据,称为红、绿、蓝掩码,在565格式下,它们则分别为:0xF800、0x07E0、0x001F。
另外,需要主要的是windows要求文件大小必须是4的倍数,文件大小需要做下面的处理才能正确显示。
head->bfSize = head->bfOffBits + size;
head->bfSize = (head->bfSize + 3) & ~3;
size = head->bfSize - head->bfOffBits;
生成图片的主要代码:
/********************************************************************
created: 2012/02/07
filename: savebmp.c
author:
purpose:
*********************************************************************/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory.h>
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
位图文件的组成
结构名称 符 号
位图文件头 (bitmap-file header) BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh
位图信息头 (bitmap-information header) BITMAPINFOHEADER bmih
彩色表 (color table) RGBQUAD aColors[]
图象数据阵列字节 BYTE aBitmapBits[]
*/
typedef struct bmp_header
{
short twobyte ;//两个字节,用来保证下面成员紧凑排列,这两个字符不能写到文件中
//14B
char bfType[2] ;//!文件的类型,该值必需是0x4D42,也就是字符'BM'
unsigned int bfSize ;//!说明文件的大小,用字节为单位
unsigned int bfReserved1;//保留,必须设置为0
unsigned int bfOffBits ;//!说明从文件头开始到实际的图象数据之间的字节的偏移量,这里为14B+sizeof(BMPINFO)
}BMPHEADER;
typedef struct bmp_info
{
//40B
unsigned int biSize ;//!BMPINFO结构所需要的字数
int biWidth ;//!图象的宽度,以象素为单位
int biHeight ;//!图象的宽度,以象素为单位,如果该值是正数,说明图像是倒向的,如果该值是负数,则是正向的
unsigned short biPlanes ;//!目标设备说明位面数,其值将总是被设为1
unsigned short biBitCount ;//!比特数/象素,其值为1、4、8、16、24、或32
unsigned int biCompression ;//说明图象数据压缩的类型
#define BI_RGB 0L //没有压缩
#define BI_RLE8 1L //每个象素8比特的RLE压缩编码,压缩格式由2字节组成(重复象素计数和颜色索引);
#define BI_RLE4 2L //每个象素4比特的RLE压缩编码,压缩格式由2字节组成
#define BI_BITFIELDS 3L //每个象素的比特由指定的掩码决定。
unsigned int biSizeImage ;//图象的大小,以字节为单位。当用BI_RGB格式时,可设置为0
int biXPelsPerMeter ;//水平分辨率,用象素/米表示
int biYPelsPerMeter ;//垂直分辨率,用象素/米表示
unsigned int biClrUsed ;//位图实际使用的彩色表中的颜色索引数(设为0的话,则说明使用所有调色板项)
unsigned int biClrImportant ;//对图象显示有重要影响的颜色索引的数目,如果是0,表示都重要。
}BMPINFO;
typedef struct tagRGBQUAD {
unsigned char rgbBlue;
unsigned char rgbGreen;
unsigned char rgbRed;
unsigned char rgbReserved;
} RGBQUAD;
typedef struct tagBITMAPINFO {
BMPINFO bmiHeader;
//RGBQUAD bmiColors[1];
unsigned int rgb[3];
} BITMAPINFO;
static int get_rgb888_header(int w, int h, BMPHEADER * head, BMPINFO * info)
{
int size = 0;
if (head && info) {
size = w * h * 3;
memset(head, 0, sizeof(* head));
memset(info, 0, sizeof(* info));
head->bfType[0] = 'B';
head->bfType[1] = 'M';
head->bfOffBits = 14 + sizeof(* info);
head->bfSize = head->bfOffBits + size;
head->bfSize = (head->bfSize + 3) & ~3;//windows要求文件大小必须是4的倍数
size = head->bfSize - head->bfOffBits;
info->biSize = sizeof(BMPINFO);
info->biWidth = w;
info->biHeight = -h;
info->biPlanes = 1;
info->biBitCount = 24;
info->biCompression = BI_RGB;
info->biSizeImage = size;
printf("rgb888:%dbit,%d*%d,%d\n", info->biBitCount, w, h, head->bfSize);
}
return size;
}
static int get_rgb565_header(int w, int h, BMPHEADER * head, BITMAPINFO * info)
{
int size = 0;
if (head && info) {
size = w * h * 2;
memset(head, 0, sizeof(* head));
memset(info, 0, sizeof(* info));
head->bfType[0] = 'B';
head->bfType[1] = 'M';
head->bfOffBits = 14 + sizeof(* info);
head->bfSize = head->bfOffBits + size;
head->bfSize = (head->bfSize + 3) & ~3;
size = head->bfSize - head->bfOffBits;
info->bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(info->bmiHeader);
info->bmiHeader.biWidth = w;
info->bmiHeader.biHeight = -h;
info->bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
info->bmiHeader.biBitCount = 16;
info->bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_BITFIELDS;
info->bmiHeader.biSizeImage = size;
info->rgb[0] = 0xF800;
info->rgb[1] = 0x07E0;
info->rgb[2] = 0x001F;
printf("rgb565:%dbit,%d*%d,%d\n", info->bmiHeader.biBitCount, w, h, head->bfSize);
}
return size;
}
static int save_bmp_rgb565(FILE * hfile, int w, int h, void * pdata)
{
int success = 0;
int size = 0;
BMPHEADER head;
BITMAPINFO info;
size = get_rgb565_header(w, h, &head, &info);
if (size > 0) {
fwrite(head.bfType, 1, 14, hfile);
fwrite(&info, 1, sizeof(info), hfile);
fwrite(pdata, 1, size, hfile);
success = 1;
}
return success;
}
static int save_bmp_rgb888(FILE * hfile, int w, int h, void * pdata)
{
int success = 0;
int size = 0;
BMPHEADER head;
BMPINFO info;
size = get_rgb888_header(w, h, &head, &info);
if (size > 0) {
fwrite(head.bfType, 1, 14, hfile);
fwrite(&info, 1, sizeof(info), hfile);
fwrite(pdata, 1, size, hfile);
success = 1;
}
return success;
}
int save_bmp(const char * path, int w, int h, void * pdata, int bpp)
{
int success = 0;
FILE * hfile = NULL;
do
{
if (path == NULL || w <= 0 || h <= 0 || pdata == NULL) {
printf("if (path == NULL || w <= 0 || h <= 0 || pdata == NULL)\n");
break;
}
remove(path);
hfile = fopen(path, "wb");
if (hfile == NULL) {
printf("open(%s) failed!\n", path);
break;
}
switch (bpp)
{
case 16:
success = save_bmp_rgb565(hfile, w, h, pdata);
break;
case 24:
success = save_bmp_rgb888(hfile, w, h, pdata);
break;
default:
printf("error: not support format!\n");
success = 0;
break;
}
} while (0);
if (hfile != NULL)
fclose(hfile);
return success;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
3.运行方式:
cygwin下用ndk编译成可执行文件,再将生成的可执行文件push到模拟器的/data/local路径,
修改文件为可执行的,直接运行便可以截屏,图片保存到/mnt/sdcard/s.bmp。
Administrator@xxx /cygdrive/e
$ cd myprj/screenshot/jni/
Administrator@xxx /cygdrive/e/myprj/screenshot/jni
$ ndk-build
Compile thumb : savebmp <= savebmp.c
Compile thumb : savebmp <= screenshot.c
StaticLibrary : libsavebmp.a
Executable : save
Install : save => libs/armeabi/save
Administrator@xxx /cygdrive/e/myprj/screenshot/jni
$ adb shell
error: device offline
Administrator@xxx /cygdrive/e/myprj/screenshot/jni
$ adb shell
#
Administrator@xxx /cygdrive/e/myprj/screenshot/jni
$ adb push ../libs/armeabi/save /data/local
83 KB/s (10636 bytes in 0.125s)
Administrator@xxx /cygdrive/e/myprj/screenshot/jni
$ adb shell
# cd /data/local
cd /data/local
# chmod 777 save
chmod 777 save
# ./save
./save
rgb565:16bit,800*480,768068
# ls -l /mnt/sdcard
ls -l /mnt/sdcard
d---rwxr-x system sdcard_rw 2012-02-19 12:39 LOST.DIR
d---rwxr-x system sdcard_rw 2012-02-20 13:22 DCIM
----rwxr-x system sdcard_rw 768068 2012-02-20 13:22 s.bmp
#
PS:工程源码中的VC工程主要用来调试生成图片的功能。
=====================================================================================================
目前,在增强版本中添加了32位的支持,但是没有32位的设备进行测试,已经有几位网友测试过,32位截图会出现颜色偏差和位置偏移,目前我这里还没有办法调试,所以32位截图的问题我还没有解决。
有位网友在小米手机上测试过也是有色差和错位问题,但后来直接在java中用Runtime.exec("/system/bin/screencap -p path")来截屏,还是png格式的。不是每个设备上都有screencap。
关于fb0中像素的格式可以参考
android4.0p-ics-src/system/core/adb# vi framebuffer_service.c,里面列举了五种格式,不过有些设备上可能不是下面的任何一种。
case 1: /* RGBA_8888 */
fbinfo.bpp = 32;
fbinfo.size = w * h * 4;
fbinfo.width = w;
fbinfo.height = h;
fbinfo.red_offset = 0;
fbinfo.red_length = 8;
fbinfo.green_offset = 8;
fbinfo.green_length = 8;
fbinfo.blue_offset = 16;
fbinfo.blue_length = 8;
fbinfo.alpha_offset = 24;
fbinfo.alpha_length = 8;
break;
case 2: /* RGBX_8888 */
fbinfo.bpp = 32;
fbinfo.size = w * h * 4;
fbinfo.width = w;
fbinfo.height = h;
fbinfo.red_offset = 0;
fbinfo.red_length = 8;
fbinfo.green_offset = 8;
fbinfo.green_length = 8;
fbinfo.blue_offset = 16;
fbinfo.blue_length = 8;
fbinfo.alpha_offset = 24;
fbinfo.alpha_length = 0;
break;
case 3: /* RGB_888 */
fbinfo.bpp = 24;
fbinfo.size = w * h * 3;
fbinfo.width = w;
fbinfo.height = h;
fbinfo.red_offset = 0;
fbinfo.red_length = 8;
fbinfo.green_offset = 8;
fbinfo.green_length = 8;
fbinfo.blue_offset = 16;
fbinfo.blue_length = 8;
fbinfo.alpha_offset = 24;
fbinfo.alpha_length = 0;
break;
case 4: /* RGB_565 */
fbinfo.bpp = 16;
fbinfo.size = w * h * 2;
fbinfo.width = w;
fbinfo.height = h;
fbinfo.red_offset = 11;
fbinfo.red_length = 5;
fbinfo.green_offset = 5;
fbinfo.green_length = 6;
fbinfo.blue_offset = 0;
fbinfo.blue_length = 5;
fbinfo.alpha_offset = 0;
fbinfo.alpha_length = 0;
break;
case 5: /* BGRA_8888 */
fbinfo.bpp = 32;
fbinfo.size = w * h * 4;
fbinfo.width = w;
fbinfo.height = h;
fbinfo.red_offset = 16;
fbinfo.red_length = 8;
fbinfo.green_offset = 8;
fbinfo.green_length = 8;
fbinfo.blue_offset = 0;
fbinfo.blue_length = 8;
fbinfo.alpha_offset = 24;
fbinfo.alpha_length = 8;
break;
另外,关于截屏在android4.0的源码用有两个程序可以参考,这两个程序都可以截屏,一个是c++实现的,另一个是c的。
ics-src\frameworks\base\cmds\screencap\screencap.cpp
ics-src\frameworks\base\cmds\screenshot\screenshot.c