Combining Sketch and Tone for Pencil Drawing Production

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-23 00:14:19 发布

xx116213

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-23 00:14:19 发布

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分类专栏：图像处理文章标签：铅笔化 pencil sketch tone

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xx116213/article/details/52048318

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这里写图片描述
该方法的最终图片由stroke layer 和 tonal texture相乘得到。原文链接

Stroke Layer

求出图像梯度图 $G$ ，计算出 response map， $G_i = \Omega_i* G$ ，将 $G_i$ 各个方向的最大值作为classification（ $C_i(p) = G$ if argmax $\lbrace G_i(p)==i\rbrace$ else 0）。最后计算出stroke map S <script type="math/tex" id="MathJax-Element-6">S</script>。

Gradient

imX = [abs(im(:,1:(end-1)) - im(:,2:end)),zeros(H,1)];
imY = [abs(im(1:(end-1),:) - im(2:end,:));zeros(1,W)];  
imEdge = imX + imY;

Response Map

 kerRef = zeros(ks*2+1); % ks, kernel size
 kerRef(ks+1,:) = 1;

 response = zeros(H, W, dirNum);
 for ii = 0 : (dirNum-1)
     ker = imrotate(kerRef, ii*180/dirNum, 'bilinear', 'crop');
     response(:,:,ii+1) = conv2(imEdge, ker, 'same');
 end

Classification

 c = zeros(H, W, dirNum);
 for n = 1 : dirNum
     c(:,:,n) = imEdge .* (index == n);
 end

Line Drawing

kerRef = zeros(ks*2+1);
kerRef(ks+1,:) = 1;

Spn = zeros(H, W, dirNum);
for n = 1 : dirNum
    ker = imrotate(kerRef, (n-1)*180/dirNum, 'bilinear', 'crop');
    Spn(:,:,n) = conv2(cls(:,:,n), ker, 'same');
end

Sp = sum(Spn, 3);
Sp = (Sp - min(Sp(:))) / (max(Sp(:)) - min(Sp(:)));
S = 1 - Sp;

Tonal Texture

Parameter Learning

作者也给出经验值。
这里写图片描述
试验中对比了这两种参数的取值，自己获取的值较经验取值的图片渐进原图片。经验值的效果也非常好，为了减少计算，经验值当然可取。

[H, W, sc] = size(I);
im = gaussian_filter(I, 1);
N = H * W;
m = mean2(im);
s = std2(im);
delta_b = sum(sum(abs(im - 1))) / N;
delta_d = s;
mu_a = m - 1.4422 * s;
mu_b = m - 1.4422 * s;   
mu_d = m;

Model-based Tone Transfer

histgramTarget = zeros(256, 1);
total = 0;
for ii = 0 : 255
    p1 = 1/delta_b * exp(-(255-ii)/delta_b);

    if ii < mu_a || ii > mu_b
        p2 = 0;
    else
        p2 = 1 / (mu_b - mu_a);
    end

    p3 = 1/sqrt(2 * pi * delta_d) * exp(-(ii-mu_d)^2/(2*delta_d^2));

    histgramTarget(ii+1, 1) = (omega(2, 1) * p1 + ...
        omega(2, 2) * p2 + omega(2, 3) * p3) * 0.01;

    total = total + histgramTarget(ii+1, 1);
end
histgramTarget(:, 1) = histgramTarget(:, 1)/total;
J = histeq(I, histgramTarget);

Pencil Texture Rendering

这部分不容易懂，看了很多遍，查找作者主页以及github。下列代码中P为texture。

P = imresize(P, [H, W]);
P = reshape(P, H*W, 1);
logP = log(P);
logP = spdiags(logP, 0, H*W, H*W);

J = imresize(J, [H, W]);
J = reshape(J, H*W, 1);
logJ = log(J);

e = ones(H*W, 1);
Dx = spdiags([-e, e], [0, H], H*W, H*W);
Dy = spdiags([-e, e], [0, 1], H*W, H*W);

A = theta * (Dx * Dx' + Dy * Dy') + (logP)' * logP;
b = (logP)' * logJ;

%% Conjugate gradient
beta = pcg(A, b, 1e-6, 60);

%% Compute the result
beta = reshape(beta, H, W);

P = reshape(P, H, W);
T = P .^ beta;