Android 6.0运行时权限解析与申请

最新推荐文章于 2021-06-22 11:00:46 发布

温柔而以

最新推荐文章于 2021-06-22 11:00:46 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhangyiminsunshine/article/details/68060516

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在Android 6.0版本之前，权限都是无需用户许可，只要用户安装完，AndroidManifest清单上申请的权限都会被系统默认授权，并且授权后也撤销不了。

在Android 6.0版本时采用新的权限模型，只有在需要权限的时候，才告知用户是否授权，是在runtime时候授权，而不是在原来安装的时候，同时默认情况下每次在运行时打开页面时候，需要先检查是否有所需要的权限申请。这样的用户的自主性提高很多，比如用户可以给APP赋予摄像的权限，但是可以拒绝记录设备位置的权限，就是怕位置信息上传等等。

权限分为正常权限（normal）和危险权限（dangerous），正常权限不需要去申请，和之前一样在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册即可，危险权限是需要申请的。

normal:

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.BLUETOOTH
android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
android.permission.INTERNET
android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
android.permission.NFC
android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
android.permission.VIBRATE
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

dangerous:

Permission Group	Permissions
CALENDAR	READ_CALENDAR WRITE_CALENDAR
CAMERA	CAMERA
CONTACTS	READ_CONTACTS WRITE_CONTACTS GET_ACCOUNTS
LOCATION	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
MICROPHONE	RECORD_AUDIO
PHONE	READ_PHONE_STATE CALL_PHONE READ_CALL_LOG WRITE_CALL_LOG ADD_VOICEMAIL USE_SIP PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
SENSORS	BODY_SENSORS
SMS	SEND_SMS RECEIVE_SMS READ_SMS RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH RECEIVE_MMS
STORAGE	READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

注：同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。

实现方法：

1.在BaseActivity中添加以下代码：

 private int permissionRequestCode = 88;
    private PermissionCallback permissionRunnable;

    public interface PermissionCallback {
        void hasPermission();

        void noPermission();
    }


    /**
     * Android M运行时权限请求封装
     *
     * @param permissionDes 权限描述
     * @param runnable      请求权限回调
     * @param permissions   请求的权限（数组类型），直接从Manifest中读取相应的值，比如Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
     */
    public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes, PermissionCallback runnable, @NonNull String... permissions) {
        if (permissions == null || permissions.length == 0) return;
//        this.permissionrequestCode = requestCode;
        this.permissionRunnable = runnable;
        if ((Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) || checkPermissionGranted(permissions)) {
            if (permissionRunnable != null) {
                permissionRunnable.hasPermission();
                permissionRunnable = null;
            }
        } else {
            //permission has not been granted.
            requestPermission(permissionDes, permissionRequestCode, permissions);
        }

    }

    private boolean checkPermissionGranted(String[] permissions) {
        boolean flag = true;
        for (String p : permissions) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, p) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                flag = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        return flag;
    }

    private void requestPermission(String permissionDes, final int requestCode, final String[] permissions) {
        if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions)) {

            //如果用户之前拒绝过此权限，再提示一次准备授权相关权限
            new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                    .setTitle("提示")
                    .setMessage(permissionDes)
                    .setPositiveButton("ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);
                        }
                    }).show();

        } else {
            // Contact permissions have not been granted yet. Request them directly.
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);
        }
    }

    private boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String[] permissions) {
        boolean flag = false;
        for (String p : permissions) {
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, p)) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        return flag;
    }

    /**
     * Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == permissionRequestCode) {
            if (verifyPermissions(grantResults)) {
                if (permissionRunnable != null) {
                    permissionRunnable.hasPermission();
                    permissionRunnable = null;
                }
            } else {
                //showToast("暂无权限执行相关操作！");
                Toast.makeText(BaseActivity.this,"暂无权限执行相关操作！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                if (permissionRunnable != null) {
                    permissionRunnable.noPermission();
                    permissionRunnable = null;
                }
            }
        } else {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }

    }

    public boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
        // At least one result must be checked.
        if (grantResults.length < 1) {
            return false;
        }

        // Verify that each required permission has been granted, otherwise return false.
        for (int result : grantResults) {
            if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

2.在需要申请权限的时候调用：performCodeWithPermission（）

例如：
 performCodeWithPermission("我的程序请求访问相机权限",new BaseActivity.PermissionCallback() {
        @Override
        public void hasPermission() {
            //执行打开相机相关代码
            Log.i("---------","已经获得权限了");
        }
        @Override
        public void noPermission() {
            Log.i("---------","没有权限哦");
        }
    }, Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

}


3.在Fragment中的使用：
直接在自己的BaseFragment写个方法调用此Activity的方法即可。/**
     * Android M运行时权限请求封装
     * @param permissionDes 权限描述
     * @param runnable 请求权限回调 * @param permissions 请求的权限（数组类型），直接从Manifest中读取相应的值，比如Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS */ public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes,BaseAppCompatActivity.PermissionCallback runnable,@NonNull String... permissions){ if(getActivity()!=null && getActivity() instanceof BaseAppCompatActivity){ ((BaseAppCompatActivity) getActivity()).performCodeWithPermission(permissionDes,runnable,permissions); } }