STM32F103基于I2C协议的AHT20温湿度传感器的数据采集

STM32F103基于I2C协议的AHT20温湿度传感器的数据采集

一、原理

I2C简介

I2C总线是由Philips公司开发的一种简单、双向二线制同步串行总线。它只需要两根线即可在连接于总线上的器件之间传送信息。
主器件用于启动总线传送数据，并产生时钟以开放传送的器件，此时任何被寻址的器件均被认为是从器件．在总线上主和从、发和收的关系不是恒定的，而取决于此时数据传送方向。如果主机要发送数据给从器件，则主机首先寻址从器件，然后主动发送数据至从器件，最后由主机终止数据传送；如果主机要接收从器件的数据，首先由主器件寻址从器件．然后主机接收从器件发送的数据，最后由主机终止接收过程。在这种情况下，主机负责产生定时时钟和终止数据传送。

I2C软件

软件I2C一般是使用GPIO管脚，用软件控制SCL,SDA线输出高低电平，模拟I2C协议的时序。

I2C硬件

硬件I2C对应芯片上的I2C外设，有相应I2C驱动电路，其所使用的I2C管脚也是专用的，因而效率要远高于软件模拟的I2C；一般也较为稳定，但是程序较为繁琐。

IIC协议采集温湿度具体实现

1.通过CubeMX配置好对应引脚以及串口，并生成项目

引脚选择为：PB6模拟SCL,PB7模拟SDA

2.在keil中修改代码

main函数中

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

#include<stdio.h>
#include "AHT20-21_DEMO_V1_3.h" 

void SystemClock_Config(void);


int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
 
{
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);    
		//等待发送结束	
		while(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1,UART_FLAG_TC)!=SET){
		}		

    return ch;
}



int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
	uint32_t CT_data[2]={0,0};
	volatile int  c1,t1;
	
	Delay_1ms(500);

	HAL_Init();

	SystemClock_Config();

	MX_GPIO_Init();
	MX_DMA_Init();
	MX_USART1_UART_Init();
	
	//初始化AHT20
	AHT20_Init();
	Delay_1ms(500);

  while (1)
  { 
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
		AHT20_Read_CTdata(CT_data);       //不经过CRC校验，直接读取AHT20的温度和湿度数据    推荐每隔大于1S读一次
		//AHT20_Read_CTdata_crc(CT_data);  //crc校验后，读取AHT20的温度和湿度数据 
	

		c1 = CT_data[0]*1000/1024/1024;  //计算得到湿度值c1（放大了10倍）
		t1 = CT_data[1]*2000/1024/1024-500;//计算得到温度值t1（放大了10倍）
		printf("正在检测");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		printf("\r\n");
		HAL_Delay(1000);
		printf("温度:%d%d.%d",t1/100,(t1/10)%10,t1%10);
		printf("湿度:%d%d.%d",c1/100,(c1/10)%10,c1%10);
		printf("\r\n");
		printf("等待");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		HAL_Delay(100);
		printf(".");
		printf("\r\n");
		HAL_Delay(1000);
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
	}
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

三、结果

视频展示

video_20231110_195110

四、总结

通过这次的学习，我了解了I2C总线通信协议，学会了使用STM32F103完成基于I2C协议的AHT20温湿度传感器的数据采集，并将采集的温度-湿度值通过串口输出。