HCIA基础拓扑实验

实验报告

• 实验拓扑
• 

• 实验需求

1. 除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网络基于192.168.0/24进行合理划分；
2. R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在19168.1.0/24网络内；
3. R1-R4不直接编写达到5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；
4. 全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条数数量，避免环路；
5. R4和R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；

• 实验思路

1. 划分IP—配置IP地址

1. 给各个路由器命名（sysname）
2. 可划分为六个（sys---int g/0/0/0---IP add）

192.168.1.0/30

192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.20/30

1. 每个环回可分为两个小网段

192.168.1.32/27（R1环回）

L0:192.168.1.32/28

L1:192.168.148/28

（4）192.168.1.64/27（R2环回）

L0:192.068.0.64/28

L1:192.168.1.80/28

（5）192.168.1.96/27（R3环回）

L0:192.168.1.96/28

L1:192.168.1.112/28

（6）192.198.1.128/27（R4环回）

              L0:192.168.1.128/28

              L1:192.168.1.144/28

1. 编写除了到达5.5.5.0/24之外，到达其他网段的静态路由。（ip route-static）
2. 配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通，至此实现全网通，并测试
   R1路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

R2路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

R3路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

R4路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.8

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

4、防环，做黑洞路由配置（NULL 0）

5、做备份，通过改变路由器的优先级实现（preference）

6、做测试，看1000M/b链路故障时，数据能否走100M/b链路。

四、实验步骤

1、配置IP地址

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int L0

[R1-LoopBack0]IP ADD 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]INT L1

[R1-LoopBack1]IP ADD 192.168.1.49 28

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int L0

[R2-LoopBack0]IP ADD 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]INT L1

[R2-LoopBack1]IP ADD 192.168.1.81 28

[R3]INT G0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int L0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[R3-LoopBack0]int L1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[R4]INT G0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2

[R4- GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/

[R4- GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int L0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int L1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int L0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

2、配置路由，除5.5.5.5 24

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 92.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64  27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96  27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

3.缺省

R1路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

R2路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

R3路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

R4路由器：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.8

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

4.防环，做黑洞路由配置

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]IP route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R3]IP route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[R4]IP route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

5.做备份

[R4]IP route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5] ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5] ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5] ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

6.测试