python类和对象，构造方法，魔术方法详解

目录

1.初识对象 

 2.类的成员方法

3.类和对象

4.构造方法

5.魔术方法

__str__字符串方法 

__lt__小于符号计较方法 

__le__小于等于比较符号方法 

__eq__比较运算符实现方法 

总结： 

---

1.初识对象 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

stu = student()

stu.name = "xiaoming"
stu.age = 18

print(stu.name)
print(stu.age)

 

 2.类的成员方法

 

类外的函数称为函数，类内的函数称为方法

 

python里的self类似于c++里的this指针

 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

    def say_hi(self):
        print(f"大家好，我的名字是{self.name}")

    def say_hello(self,msg):
        print(f"大家好，我是{self.name},{msg}")

stu = student()

stu.name = "xiaoming"
stu.say_hi()
stu.say_hello("hello!!!!!")

3.类和对象

 

4.构造方法

类似于c++里的构造函数

 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

stu = student("xiaoming",18);
print(stu.name)
print(stu.age)

 

 

5.魔术方法

__str__字符串方法 

 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __str__(self):
        return "student类对象"

stu = student("xiaoming",18);

print(stu)

 

__lt__小于符号计较方法 

 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __lt__(self,other):
        return self.age < other.age

stu1 = student("xiaoming",18);
stu2 = student("xiaohong",19)
print(stu1 < stu2)

__le__小于等于比较符号方法 

 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __le__(self,other):
        return self.age <= other.age

stu1 = student("xiaoming",19)
stu2 = student("xiaohong",19)
print(stu1 <= stu2)
print(stu1 >= stu2)

__eq__比较运算符实现方法 

 

class student:
    name = None
    age = None

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __eq__(self,other):
        return self.age == other.age

stu1 = student("xiaoming",19)
stu2 = student("xiaohong",19)
print(stu1 == stu2)

 

总结：