英语学习4.8

单词的背诵

onto

【介词】

意思:到…上面;在…上面
解释:表示某人或某物朝着一个表面移动最终到达这个表面上,也可以引申为“理解、发现”。


✅ 常见用法一:表示物理上的“到……上面”

例句:

  • The cat jumped onto the table.
    (猫跳到了桌子上。)

  • He spilled coffee onto his shirt.
    (他把咖啡洒在了衬衫上。)

  • She climbed onto the roof to fix it.
    (她爬上了屋顶去修理。)

onto = on + to,强调“动作 + 方向
🌟 而 on 只是表示位置,“在……上面”
对比一下👇

  • The book is on the table.(书在桌子上)

  • He put the book onto the table.(他把书放到桌子上)


✅ 常见用法二:引申为“意识到,发现”

这种用法常见于“be onto something / someone”。

例句:

  • I think the police are onto him.
    (我觉得警察已经盯上他了。)

  • She's onto something big in her research.
    (她在研究中可能发现了重大线索。)

stuff​

  • ​名词(不可数)​​:泛指无具体名称的“物品”或抽象“事情”。

    • ​例句​​:

      • I need to organize my ​​stuff​​ before moving.
        (搬家前我得整理我的东西。)

      • This article is full of interesting ​​stuff​​.
        (这篇文章里全是有趣的内容。)

    • ​常见搭配​​:

      • ​daily stuff​​(日常用品)

      • ​good stuff​​(好东西/正事)

      • ​stuff like that​​(类似的东西)

  • ​动词​​:填塞、塞满(常含随意或杂乱感)。

    • ​例句​​:

      • She ​​stuffed​​ the suitcase with clothes.
        (她把衣服塞满了行李箱。)

      • Don’t ​​stuff​​ yourself with junk food.
        (别吃太多垃圾食品。)

staff

  • ​名词(集合名词)​​:指一个组织的全体职员,或特定领域的专业团队。

    • ​例句​​:

      • The hospital ​​staff​​ works day and night.
        (医院的全体员工日夜工作。)

      • The teaching ​​staff​​ is highly qualified.
        (教师团队资质很高。)

    • ​常见搭配​​:

      • ​medical staff​​(医务人员)

      • ​senior staff​​(资深员工)

      • ​staff meeting​​(员工会议)

  • ​动词​​:为…配备人员。

    • ​例句​​:

      • The school is ​​staffed​​ with experienced teachers.
        (这所学校配备了经验丰富的教师。)

staff和stuff

staff​ → 想象办公室(office)里一群人(team),结尾的 ​ff​ 像两个站着的人。

stuff​ → 想象一个袋子u(bag)装满杂七杂八的“东西”(things),发音类似“塞满”(stuff​ the bag)。

default

Default
【名词/形容词/动词】
👉 关键词:默认、违约、缺省

✅ 含义:

  • 名词

    • 默认设置:指预设的、没有更改的设置或选项,通常在没有用户干预的情况下使用。
      例如:

      • The program uses the default settings unless you change them.
        该程序使用默认设置,除非你更改它们。

    • 违约:指在法律或合同中未履行规定的责任或义务。
      例如:

      • The company went into default on its loan.
        公司未能按时偿还贷款,导致违约。

  • 形容词

    • 默认的:指预设的、系统或程序自动选择的选项。
      例如:

      • The default language is set to English.
        默认语言设置为英语。

  • 动词

    • 违约:指未履行合同或承诺的义务。
      例如:

      • If you default on your payment, there will be a penalty.
        如果你未按时付款,将会有罚款。

fault


【名词/动词】
👉 关键词:错误、缺点、责任

✅ 含义:

  • 名词

    • 错误,过错:指由于某人行为不当或疏忽造成的错误或失误。
      例如:

      • It was my fault that we missed the train.
        我错过了火车,这是我的错。

    • 缺点,缺陷:指某物的缺陷或不完美之处。
      例如:

      • The product has a fault in its design.
        该产品在设计上存在缺陷。

    • 责任:指某人应对某事或某种结果承担的责任。
      例如:

      • The accident was not my fault.
        事故不是我的责任。

  • 动词

    • 责怪,归咎于:指将责任或错误归咎于某人或某事。
      例如:

      • Don't fault me for something that was beyond my control.
        不要因为超出我控制的事情而怪我。

✅ 例句:

  • It's not his fault that the project was delayed.
    (项目延期不是他的错。)

  • The engine faulted during the test drive.
    (试驾时发动机出现了故障。)

  • She was quick to fault her teammates when the project failed.
    (项目失败时,她很快就把责任归咎于队友。)

faculty

解释

  1. (学校、学院的)全体教职员工,尤其是教师。

  2. 也可指大学的某个“系”或“院”(如工程学院)。

词性:名词,可数/不可数都可以。

例句

  • The university has a faculty of over 300 professors.
    (这所大学有 300 多名教师。)

  • All faculty members must submit their course plans by Friday.
    (所有教师必须在周五前提交课程计划。)

📌 适用范围:主要用于教育领域,比如大学的教师团队。

except

介词​​:表示排除或例外。

  • ​例句​​:

    • Everyone passed the exam ​​except​​ Tom.
      (除了汤姆,所有人都通过了考试。)

    • The store is open daily ​​except​​ Sundays.
      (商店每天营业,周日除外。)

  • ​常见搭配​​:

    • ​except for​​(除了…之外,整体中排除细节)

      • The room was empty ​​except for​​ a chair.  房间里空荡荡的,只有一把椅子。

    • ​except that​​(后接从句)

      • I like the plan, ​​except that​​ it’s too expensive.

expect

动词​​:表示对未来的预期或认为某事会发生。

  • ​例句​​:

    • I ​​expect​​ the meeting to start at 9 AM.
      (我预计会议将在上午9点开始。)

    • She ​​expects​​ a promotion this year.
      (她期待今年升职。)

  • ​常见搭配​​:

    • ​expect to do​​(预期做某事)

      • We ​​expect to finish​​ the project by Friday.

    • ​be expected to​​(被要求/预计做某事)

      • Students ​​are expected to​​ submit homework on time.

expert

  • 名词​​:指在某一领域有专门知识或技能的人。

    • ​例句​​:

      • He is an ​​expert​​ in artificial intelligence.
        (他是人工智能领域的专家。)

      • Ask an ​​expert​​ if you’re unsure.
        (如果你不确定,就去问专家。)

  • ​形容词​​:表示“熟练的”或“专业的”。

    • ​例句​​:

      • She gave ​​expert​​ advice on investment.
        (她就投资问题给出了专业建议。)

    • ​常见搭配​​:

      • ​expert at/in​​(擅长…)

        • She is ​​expert at​​ solving problems.

indicate
 

indicate 【动词】

意思:指出,表明,暗示
解释:用来表示“明确地指出”某个事实、方向、意图等。

✅ 常见用法:

  • indicate + that 从句:表示某事

  • indicate + 名词:指出某个东西或方向

✅ 例句:

  • He indicated the correct answer with his finger.
    (他用手指指出了正确答案。)

  • Studies indicate that regular exercise improves health.
    (研究表明,经常锻炼有益健康。)

  • The red light indicates danger.
    (红灯表示危险。)

indicator

indicator
【名词】

👉 关键词:指示器、指标、标志

✅ 释义:

1. 指示器,指示装置
指能够显示、指示或提供信息的设备或工具,通常用于监控某些数据或状态。
例:The fuel gauge is an indicator of how much fuel is left in the tank.
(燃油表是指示油箱剩余燃油量的指示器。)

2. 指标,标志
表示某种趋势、状态或条件的指标或标志,用于描述某事物的状态或表现。
例:Economic growth is a key indicator of a country's development.
(经济增长是衡量一个国家发展状况的关键指标。)

3. 信号,象征
可以指代某种现象或行为的象征,通常用来指示某种潜在的趋势或情况。
例:His sudden silence was an indicator of his disapproval.
(他突然的沉默是他不赞成的信号。)

✅ 常见搭配:

  • economic indicator(经济指标)

  • performance indicator(表现指标)

  • health indicator(健康指标)

  • lead indicator(领先指标)

  • use an indicator(使用指示器)

delicate

delicate 【形容词】

意思:精致的;脆弱的;敏感的;需要小心处理的
解释:根据语境不同,可表示物理上的“易碎”,或情绪、情况上的“敏感”“微妙”。

✅ 常见含义与例句:

易碎的,脆弱的

  • Be careful with that vase. It's very delicate.
    (小心那个花瓶,它很脆弱。)

精致的,优雅的

  • She wore a delicate necklace.
    (她戴着一条精致的项链。)

(问题、话题)微妙的,棘手的

  • That’s a delicate subject — let’s not bring it up now.
    (那是个敏感的话题,咱们现在别提了。)

(味道、颜色)细腻的,淡雅的

  • The cake had a delicate flavor of lemon.
    (这蛋糕有一股淡淡的柠檬香味。)

dedicate

dedicate 【动词】

意思:奉献;致力于
解释:指把时间、精力或资源投入到某件重要的事或人上

✅ 常见结构:

  • dedicate oneself to sth:致力于……

  • be dedicated to sth:被奉献给……

✅ 例句:

  • She dedicated her life to science.
    (她把一生奉献给了科学。)

  • He dedicated the book to his parents.
    (他把这本书献给了父母。)

random


形容词​​:描述无特定模式、目的或规律的随机事件或选择。

  • ​例句​​:

    • The computer generates ​​random​​ numbers.
      (电脑生成随机数字。)

    • We asked ​​random​​ people on the street for directions.
      (我们在街上随机询问路人方向。)

    • The experiment requires a ​​random​​ sample of data.
      (实验需要随机数据样本。)

​名词(不可数)​​:表示随机性本身。

  • ​例句​​:

    • The selection was made purely ​​by random​​.
      (选择完全是随机的。)


​3. 常见搭配与短语​

  • ​at random​​(随机地)

    • The teacher picked students ​​at random​​ to answer questions.
      (老师随机点学生回答问题。)

  • ​random check​​(随机抽查)

    • Airport security conducted a ​​random check​​ of luggage.
      (机场安检随机抽查了行李。)

  • ​random act of kindness​​(随意的善举)

    • She believes in doing ​​random acts of kindness​​.
      (她相信随手行善的力量。)

construct

建造

  • 词性​​:​​动词​​ / ​​名词​

  • ​核心含义​​:

    • ​动词​​:建造;构建(物理或抽象事物);创立(理论)

    • ​名词​​:概念;构想;结构体(多指抽象或理论模型)


​2. 核心用法与例句​

​动词​

  1. ​建造(物理结构)​​:

    • The bridge was ​​constructed​​ in three years.
      (这座桥耗时三年建成。)

    • They plan to ​​construct​​ a new hospital downtown.
      (他们计划在市中心建一所新医院。)

  2. ​构建(抽象事物)​​:

    • The theory was ​​constructed​​ based on experimental data.
      (该理论基于实验数据构建。)

    • She ​​constructed​​ a compelling argument in the debate.
      (她在辩论中提出了有力的论点。)

  3. ​组合(句子/语言)​​:

    • Learning how to ​​construct​​ complex sentences improves writing skills.
      (学习构建复杂句型能提升写作能力。)


​名词​

  1. ​抽象概念或理论模型​​:

    • "Intelligence" is a social ​​construct​​ that varies across cultures.
      (“智力”是一个因文化而异的社会概念。)

    • The study challenges traditional psychological ​​constructs​​.
      (这项研究挑战了传统的心理学构念。)

  2. ​结构体(如模型或装置)​​:

    • The children built a ​​construct​​ of cardboard and glue.
      (孩子们用纸板和胶水做了一个模型。)


​3. 常见搭配​

  • ​动词搭配​​:

    • ​construct a building​​(建造建筑)

    • ​construct a theory​​(构建理论)

    • ​construct a sentence​​(造句)

  • ​名词搭配​​:

    • ​social construct​​(社会建构)

    • ​theoretical construct​​(理论模型)

    • ​mental construct​​(心理概念)

prominent  

显著的,突出的;重要的

形容词​​:

  1. ​物理上的突出​​(明显可见或位置显著):

    • The ​​prominent​​ mountain peak was visible from miles away.
      (那座突出的山峰在几英里外都能看到。)

    • She has a ​​prominent​​ nose that makes her easily recognizable.
      (她高挺的鼻子让她很容易被认出。)

  2. ​抽象意义上的重要​​(在某个领域或事件中显著):

    • Climate change is a ​​prominent​​ issue in global politics.
      (气候变化是全球政治中的一个突出问题。)

    • The company played a ​​prominent​​ role in the development of AI technology.
      (该公司在人工智能技术的发展中发挥了重要作用。)

  3. ​社会地位或学术成就的杰出​​:

    • He is a ​​prominent​​ scholar in the field of quantum physics.
      (他是量子物理学领域的杰出学者。)

    • Many ​​prominent​​ artists attended the charity event.
      (许多知名艺术家出席了慈善活动。)


​常见搭配​

  • ​play a prominent role​​(起重要作用)

    • Women are playing an increasingly ​​prominent role​​ in science.
      (女性在科学领域的作用日益突出。)

  • ​prominent figure​​(杰出人物)

    • Martin Luther King Jr. was a ​​prominent figure​​ in the civil rights movement.
      (马丁·路德·金是民权运动中的杰出人物。)

  • ​prominent feature​​(显著特征)

    • The ​​prominent feature​​ of the landscape is the ancient castle.
      (这片景观的显著特征是那座古堡。)

permanent  

永久的,持久的

He has a permanent residence in the city.
(他在这座城市有永久的住所。)

The tattoo is ​​permanent​​ and cannot be easily removed.(这个纹身是永久性的,不易去除。)
She finally obtained a ​​permanent​​ job after years of freelancing.
(在多年自由职业后,她终于找到了一份固定工作。)
Climate change may cause ​​permanent​​ damage to ecosystems.
(气候变化可能对生态系统造成永久性破坏。)

imminent

   即将发生的,迫在眉睫的

  • The storm is imminent, we need to evacuate now.
    (暴风雨即将来临,我们需要立即撤离。)

  • There was imminent danger of flooding after the heavy rain.
    (暴雨过后,洪水的危险迫在眉睫。)
     

  • ​imminent threat​​(迫在眉睫的威胁)

  • ​imminent arrival​​(即将到达)

recruit
 

  • 词性​​:​​动词​​ / ​​名词​

  • ​核心含义​​:

    • ​动词​​:招募(新成员);吸收;动员

    • ​名词​​:新成员;新兵;新手


​2. 核心用法与例句​

​动词​

  1. ​招募(员工、志愿者等)​​:

    • The company is ​​recruiting​​ software engineers.
      (公司正在招聘软件工程师。)

    • NGOs often ​​recruit​​ volunteers for community projects.
      (非政府组织常为社区项目招募志愿者。)

  2. ​征兵(军事)​​:

    • The army ​​recruited​​ thousands of soldiers last year.
      (军队去年征募了数千名士兵。)

  3. ​动员(支持或参与)​​:

    • She ​​recruited​​ her friends to help organize the event.
      (她动员朋友协助组织活动。)

​名词​​:

  • ​新成员;新兵​​:

    • The new ​​recruits​​ will undergo training next week.
      (新成员将于下周接受培训。)

    • Military ​​recruits​​ must pass physical tests.
      (新兵必须通过体能测试。)


​3. 常见搭配与短语​

  • ​recruit for​​(为…招募)

    • We’re ​​recruiting for​​ a marketing manager position. 我们正在招聘一名市场经理

  • ​recruit from​​(从…招募)

    • The team ​​recruited​​ players ​​from​​ top universities.   这个团队从顶尖大学招募了球员

  • ​recruit into​​(招募进入)

    • He was ​​recruited into​​ the FBI after graduation.   他毕业后被招募进了联邦调查局(FBI)

  • ​fresh recruit​​(新手)

    • ​Fresh recruits​​ need mentorship to adapt quickly.  新成员需要指导,才能尽快适应。

reap 

获得
reap the benefits/rewards
→ 收获利益/奖励
 

  • ​动词​​:指收割农作物或比喻获得成果(常与努力相关)。

    • ​例句​​:

      • Farmers ​​reap​​ wheat in autumn.
        (农民在秋天收割小麦。)

      • Hard work will help you ​​reap​​ success.
        (努力工作会助你收获成功。)

      • Companies ​​reap​​ profits from innovation.
        (企业从创新中获利。)

    • ​搭配​​:

      • ​reap the benefits​​(获益)

      • ​reap rewards​​(获得回报)

heap

heap 【名词 / 动词】

意思一堆;大量;堆积(名词);堆放,堆积(动词)
解释:名词时指一大堆东西;动词时表示将东西堆成一堆。

✅ 常见用法:

  • a heap of
    → 一堆,大量

  • in a heap
    → 堆成一堆

  • ​heap up​​(累积)

✅ 例句:

  • There was a heap of clothes on the floor.
    (地板上有一堆衣服。)

  • He heaped the books on the table.
    (他把书堆到桌子上。)

  • We have a heap of work to do before the deadline.
    (我们有大量工作要在截止日期前完成。)

leap

意思跳跃;跃进(动词);跳跃,跃升(名词)

✅ 常见用法:

  • leap into action
    → 迅速采取行动

  • take a leap of faith
    → 放手一搏,冒险

✅ 例句:

  • The cat leapt over the fence.
    (猫跳过了围栏。)

  • He made a leap forward in his career after the promotion.
    (他在晋升后,事业上有了跃升。)

  • She took a leap of faith and decided to start her own business.
    (她放手一搏,决定自己创业。)

prey  

prey​

  • ​名词​​:指被猎食的动物,或比喻被剥削的人/事物。

    • ​例句​​:

      • Lions hunt their ​​prey​​ at night.
        (狮子在夜间捕猎猎物。)

      • Scammers often target elderly people as easy ​​prey​​.
        (骗子常将老年人视为易下手的猎物。)

  • 动词​​:捕食;折磨(常与 ​​on/upon​​ 搭配)。

    • Sharks ​​prey on​​ smaller fish.
      (鲨鱼捕食较小的鱼类。)

    • Guilt ​​preyed on​​ her mind for years.
      (愧疚感多年来一直折磨着她。)

pray     

pray​

  • ​动词​​:向神祈祷;恳求(常与 ​​to/for​​ 搭配)。

    • ​例句​​:

      • She ​​prays​​ every night before bed.
        (她每晚睡前祈祷。)

      • Victims’ families ​​prayed for​​ justice.
        (受害者家属祈求公正。)

      • “Please help us,” he ​​prayed​​ silently.
        (“请帮助我们。”他默默祈求。)

    • ​固定搭配​​:

      • ​pray to God​​(向上帝祈祷)

      • ​pray for forgiveness​​(祈求宽恕)

prey和pray

• Prey:拆分为“P + rey”(想象“国王的猎物”)。

• Pray:拆分为“P + ray”(祈祷时的光芒)。

justify

(v.) 辩解;证明……是正当的

✅ 常见用法:

  • justify oneself
    → 为自己辩解

  • justify an action/decision
    → 证明某个行为/决定是正当的

✅ 例句:

  • She tried to justify her actions, but no one believed her.
    (她试图为自己的行为辩解,但没有人相信她。)

  • He couldn't justify the cost of the project.
    (他无法证明这个项目的费用是合理的。)

  • The defendant's lawyer will try to justify his client's actions.
    (被告的律师将试图证明他当事人的行为是正当的。)

justice

justice 【名词】

意思正义;公正;司法
解释:指按照公平、道德和法律的原则来判断、处理事情;也可以指法律体系。

✅ 常见用法:

  • social justice
    → 社会正义

  • a sense of justice
    → 正义感

  • criminal justice
    → 刑事司法

✅ 例句:

  • Everyone deserves justice in a fair trial.
    (每个人都应在公正的审判中获得正义。)

  • Justice was served when the guilty party was convicted.
    (当罪犯被定罪时,正义得到了伸张。)

  • The government is working to improve social justice for all citizens.
    (政府正在努力改善所有公民的社会正义。)


 

verify

【动词】

意思验证;核实

✅ 常见用法:

  • verify the information
    → 核实信息

  • verify the facts
    → 核实事实

  • ​verify identity​​(验证身份)

✅ 例句:

  • Before publishing the news, the editor will verify all the facts.
    (在发布新闻之前,编辑会核实所有事实。)

  • Please verify your identity before proceeding.
    (在继续之前,请核实您的身份。)

  • The company verified the authenticity of the documents.
    (公司核实了文件的真实性。)


 

root

【名词 / 动词】

意思根;根源;基础;扎根
解释

  • 名词:指植物的根部,也可以指某事物的来源或起源。

  • 动词:表示扎根、根植,或追溯某事物的根源。

✅ 常见用法:

  • root cause
    → 根本原因

  • at the root of
    → 在……的根源

  • root for sb.
    → 支持某人(尤其是比赛中)

  • ​root cause​​(根本原因)

  • ​take root​​(生根;扎根)

  • ​square root​​(平方根)

  • ​root directory​​(根目录)

✅ 例句:

  • The root of the tree is very deep in the ground.
    (这棵树的根部扎得很深。)

  • The root cause of the problem is a lack of communication.
    (问题的根本原因是缺乏沟通。)

  • I always root for my team during the game.
    (比赛时,我总是支持我的队伍。)

  • The virus has its roots in the early 20th century.
    (这个病毒的根源可以追溯到20世纪初。)

loot

【名词 / 动词】

意思掠夺品;战利品(名词);掠夺,抢劫(动词)
解释

  • 名词:指从他人那里抢夺来的物品,尤其是在战争或抢劫中得到的战利品。

  • 动词:表示通过非法手段抢夺或掠夺。

✅ 常见用法:

  • loot the bank
    → 抢劫银行

  • looting
    → 抢劫,掠夺
     

  • ​stolen loot​​(盗窃赃物)

  • ​loot boxes​​(游戏中的战利品箱)

  • ​loot and burn​​(烧杀抢掠)

✅ 例句:

  • After the robbery, the criminals fled with the loot.
    (抢劫后,罪犯带着掠夺品逃走了。)

  • During the war, soldiers would often loot villages.
    (在战争期间,士兵们经常掠夺村庄。)

  • The police caught the thief with the stolen loot.
    (警方抓住了带着被盗战利品的小偷。)


 

beware

【动词】

意思当心;提防;注意(危险)
解释:常用于警告别人要小心某种危险或不好的事物,通常用作祈使句或短语。

✅ 常见用法:

  • beware of sth/sb → 小心某事/某人

  • Beware! → 小心!(警示标语)

✅ 例句:

  • Beware of the dog!
    (小心狗!)

  • You should beware of strangers online.
    (你应该当心网上的陌生人。)

  • Beware — the floor is slippery!
    (小心——地板很滑!)

  • “Consumers should ​​beware​​ of counterfeit products and be ​​aware​​ that quality ​​hardware​​ ensures safety.”
    (消费者应警惕假冒产品,并意识到优质硬件保障安全。)

aware

aware

【形容词】

意思意识到;知道的;注意到的
解释:指一个人知道某事的存在、危险或影响,通常与“be”连用。

✅ 常见用法:

  • be aware of sth → 意识到某事

  • become aware → 开始意识到

  • socially/environmentally aware → 有社会/环保意识的

✅ 例句:

  • I wasn’t aware of the meeting this morning.
    (我不知道今天早上的会议。)

  • Are you aware that you're being recorded?
    (你知道你正在被录音吗?)

  • She is environmentally aware and always recycles.
    (她有环保意识,总是进行回收。)

consecutive
 

onsecutive 【形容词】

意思:连续的,连贯的,不间断的


✅ 常见用法:

  • consecutive days → 连续的几天

  • consecutive wins → 连胜

  • for the third consecutive year → 连续第三年

  • ​consecutive numbers​​(连续数字)

  • ​consecutive wins/losses​​(连胜/连败)

  • ​three consecutive years​​(连续三年)

  • ​back-to-back consecutive​​(接二连三的)


✅ 例句:

  1. She worked for five consecutive days without a break.
    她连续工作了五天没有休息。

  2. The team has won three consecutive games.
    这支队伍已经连续赢了三场比赛。

  3. It rained for seven consecutive hours.
    连续下了七个小时的雨。

continuous

【形容词】

意思持续不断的,不间断的
强调过程没有中断,是一种**“不间断的持续状态”**。

✅ 常见用法:

  • continuous noise → 持续不断的噪音

  • continuous rain → 连续不断地下雨

  • continuous line → 一条不间断的线

✅ 例句:

  • We had continuous rain for three days.
    (我们这儿连着下了三天的雨,一点没停。)

  • The machine has been running continuously since morning.
    (这台机器从早上开始就一直运转。)

successive​

successive 【形容词】

意思连续的,接连的,接续的
强调:事物一个接一个地发生,中间可以有间隔,但顺序上是连续的。

✅ 常见用法:

  • successive victories → 连续胜利

  • successive governments → 连任的政府

  • three successive days → 连着三天(可理解为第一天发生一件事,第二天又发生,第三天继续)

✅ 例句:

  • She won the championship for the third successive year.
    (她已经是连续第三年获得冠军。)

  • The company had successive increases in profit.
    (公司利润连续增长。)

mutual 相互的;共同的

① 相互的(双向关系)​

  • ​例句​​:

    • They have a ​​mutual​​ respect for each other.
      (他们彼此相互尊重。)

    • The agreement was based on ​​mutual​​ trust.
      (协议建立在相互信任的基础上。)

    • The feeling of admiration is ​​mutual​​.
      (这种钦佩之情是相互的。)

​② 共同的(多方共有)​

  • ​例句​​:

    • We found a ​​mutual​​ friend at the party.
      (我们在派对上发现了一个共同的朋友。)

    • The project serves the ​​mutual​​ interests of both companies.
      (该项目符合两家公司的共同利益。)

common

【形容词 / 名词】

这是一个非常常用的基础单词,意思多样,但核心意思是 “共同的 / 常见的”。下面来详细解释👇


common 作形容词(最常见的用法)

1. 常见的,普遍的

指经常出现、不稀奇的事物。

  • 例句:It's common to catch a cold in winter.
    (冬天感冒很常见。)

  • Headaches are a common problem.
    (头痛是常见的问题。)


2. 共同的,共有的

指两个或多个人/事物之间共享的事物。

  • 例句:They have a common interest in music.
    (他们有一个共同的兴趣:音乐。)

  • We share a common goal.
    (我们有共同的目标。)

stem

stem

词性:名词 / 动词

✅ 【名词】

意思植物的茎;主干

  • 例句:The stem of the flower is very long.
    (这朵花的茎很长。)


✅ 【动词】

意思1阻止,遏止(不好的事)

  • 例句:The government took action to stem the spread of the virus.
    (政府采取行动遏制病毒的传播。)

意思2源自;起源于(常用"stem from")

  • 例句:Her fear stems from a childhood accident.
    (她的恐惧源于童年的一次事故。)

supervise

  • ​动词​​(监督工作/人员;指导):

    • The manager ​​supervises​​ a team of 20 employees.
      (经理管理着一个20人的团队。)

    • Students must be ​​supervised​​ during lab experiments.
      (学生在实验室实验中必须有人监督。)

    • She ​​supervised​​ the construction of the new bridge.
      (她监督了新桥的建设。)


interest

词性:名词 / 动词


✅ 一、interest 作【名词】

1. 兴趣,爱好(最常见)

表示你对某事物想了解、想参与的感觉。

  • 例句:I have a strong interest in music.
    (我对音乐非常感兴趣。)

  • 例句:She lost interest in the movie halfway.
    (她看到一半对电影失去了兴趣。)

2. 利益,利害关系

  • 例句:He acted in his own interest.
    (他为自己的利益而行动。)

  • 例句:They have a common interest in the success of the project.
    (他们在项目成功上有共同利益。)

3. 利息(金融术语)

银行或借款相关的“利息”。

  • 例句:The bank pays 3% interest on savings.
    (银行为储蓄支付3%的利息。)


✅ 二、interest 作【动词】

意思:使感兴趣,引起……的注意

  • 例句:Does science interest you?
    (你对科学感兴趣吗?)

  • 例句:This story really interests me.
    (这个故事真的吸引我。)

常见搭配​

  • ​take an interest in​​(对…产生兴趣)

    • He ​​took an interest in​​ learning Spanish.

  • ​lose interest​​(失去兴趣)

    • The audience ​​lost interest​​ in the speech.

  • ​conflict of interest​​(利益冲突)

    • The lawyer avoided a ​​conflict of interest​​.

  • ​compound interest​​(复利)

    • ​Compound interest​​ can grow savings significantly.

democratic
 

democratic

【形容词】
来源于词根 demo-(人民)和 -cratic(统治)
👉 关键词:人民、民主、平等

✅ 含义:

  1. 民主的(与民主制度有关)

  2. 平等的,主张人人平等的

✅ 例句:

  • China is not a democratic country in the Western sense.
    (中国不是西方意义上的民主国家。)

  • We work in a democratic environment where everyone's opinion counts.
    (我们在一个人人平等、重视意见的环境中工作。)

  • ​democratic values​​(民主价值观)

  • ​democratic election​​(民主选举)

  • ​democratic society​​(民主社会)

domestic
 

🔹 domestic

【形容词】
来源于词根 dom-(家)

👉 关键词:家庭、本国、驯养

✅ 含义:

  1. 家庭的,家用的

  2. 本国的,国内的(对比 foreign)

  3. 驯养的(用于动物)

✅ 例句:

  • She does all the domestic chores.
    (她做所有家务。)

  • The government focuses on domestic affairs.
    (政府专注于国内事务。)

  • A domestic cat is different from a wild cat.
    (家猫和野猫是不同的。)

  • ​domestic flight​​(国内航班)

  • ​domestic product​​(国内产品)

  • ​domestic chores​​(家务活)

executive

  • ​词性​​:​​形容词​​ / ​​名词​

  • ​核心含义​​:

    • ​形容词​​:执行的;行政的;决策的

    • ​名词​​:高管;行政部门;执行权

形容词​

  • ​行政的;决策的​​(描述管理职能或权力):

    • The ​​executive​​ team approved the new budget.
      (高管团队批准了新预算。)

    • The president holds ​​executive​​ authority.
      (总统拥有行政权。)

    • An ​​executive​​ order was issued to address the crisis.
      (为应对危机发布了行政命令。)

​名词​

  1. ​高级管理人员​​(企业或组织中):

    • She is the Chief ​​Executive​​ Officer (CEO) of the company.
      (她是公司的首席执行官。)

    • The ​​executives​​ attended the global summit.
      (高管们出席了全球峰会。)

  2. ​行政部门​​(政府中):

    • The ​​executive​​ branch is responsible for enforcing laws.
      (行政部门负责执法。)


​3. 常见搭配​

  • ​executive director​​(执行董事)

  • ​executive committee​​(执行委员会)

  • ​executive decision​​(行政决策)

  • ​executive summary​​(执行摘要)

  • ​senior executive​​(资深高管)

habitat 
 

Habitat (动植物)栖息地;生活环境

【名词】

✅ 例句:

  • The forest is the natural habitat of many species of birds.
    (森林是许多鸟类的自然栖息地。)

  • Pollution is destroying the habitat of marine life.
    (污染正在摧毁海洋生物的栖息地。)

habit

【名词】

👉 关键词:习惯、行为模式、日常

✅ 例句:

  • He has the habit of drinking coffee every morning.
    (他每天早上都有喝咖啡的习惯。)

  • Smoking is a harmful habit.
    (吸烟是一个有害的习惯。)

inhabitant

Inhabitant

【名词】

👉 关键词:居民、居住者
✅ 例句:

  • The village has only 200 inhabitants.
    (这个村庄只有200名居民。)

  • The desert is home to many unique inhabitants, like camels and reptiles.
    (沙漠是许多独特居民的家园,比如骆驼和爬行动物。

default

default

【名词 / 动词】
 

作为名词

  1. 违约,默认
    指未履行某种责任或义务,尤其是在金融、合同等方面。

    • 例句:The company went into default on its loan.
      (这家公司未能偿还贷款,违约了。)

  2. 默认设置,预设状态
    计算机中的“默认设置”通常指系统自动选择的设定。

    • 例句:By default, the computer will save the document every 10 minutes.
      (默认情况下,计算机会每10分钟自动保存文档。)

作为动词

  1. 未履行责任,违约

    • 例句:If you default on the payment, you could face legal action.
      (如果你未按时付款,你可能会面临法律诉讼。)

fault

fault

【名词 / 动词】
 

作为名词

  1. 错误,过错
    指由于不当行为或失误而产生的问题。

    • 例句:It was my fault that the meeting was delayed.
      (会议推迟是我的错。)

  2. 缺陷,故障
    用来指物品、机器、系统等的缺点或问题。

    • 例句:The car broke down because of an engine fault.
      (汽车因发动机故障而停了下来。)

  3. 责任,过错
    表示某人对某事的责任。

    • 例句:It’s not your fault; accidents happen.
      (这不是你的错,事故总会发生。)

作为动词

  1. 责怪,指责

    • 例句:Don't fault me for what happened.
      (不要责怪我发生的事情。)

guilty

  • ​词性​​:​​形容词​

  • ​核心含义​​:

    • ​有罪的​​(法律或道德上);

    • ​内疚的​​(因过错感到自责)。


​2. 核心用法与例句​

​① 有罪的(法律或道德过错)​

  • ​法律场景​​:

    • The jury found him ​​guilty​​ of murder.
      (陪审团判定他犯有谋杀罪。)

    • She pleaded ​​guilty​​ to tax evasion.
      (她承认了逃税罪行。)

  • ​道德判断​​:

    • Cheating on exams is a ​​guilty​​ act.
      (考试作弊是不道德的行为。)

​② 内疚的(情感上)​

  • ​因自身行为自责​​:

    • I feel ​​guilty​​ for forgetting her birthday.
      (我因忘记她的生日而感到内疚。)

    • His ​​guilty​​ expression revealed the truth.
      (他内疚的表情暴露了真相。)

  • ​无实际过错但自责​​:

    • Parents often feel ​​guilty​​ about working long hours.
      (父母常因长时间工作感到自责。)


​3. 常见搭配​

  • ​plead guilty​​(认罪)

  • ​find someone guilty​​(判定某人有罪)

  • ​guilty conscience​​(内疚感)

  • ​guilty pleasure​​(明知不该但享受的事物)

  • ​feel guilty about​​(对…感到内疚)

grind 

 词性:动词 / 名词

grind 作动词:有以下常见意思👇

磨碎,碾碎(物理动作)

👉 把坚硬的东西磨成粉状或小颗粒

  • Grind the coffee beans before brewing.
    冲泡前要先研磨咖啡豆。

  • The machine grinds wheat into flour.
    这台机器把小麦磨成面粉。

苦干、辛勤做事(比喻用法,尤其是重复的、枯燥的任务)

  • She’s been grinding for hours to finish her assignment.
    她为了完成作业,埋头苦干了好几个小时。

  • Students are grinding away before the exam.
    考试前学生们都在拼命学习

grind 作名词

1. 磨,研磨(动作或声音)

  • The grind of the gears was loud.
    齿轮的摩擦声很响。

词组

grind away

  坚持不懈地苦干、埋头苦学(通常指枯燥或辛苦的工作)

  • While ​​grinding away​​ at exams is necessary, students should balance study with mental health.
    (尽管为考试埋头苦读是必要的,学生也需平衡学习与心理健康。)

He spent the whole weekend grinding away at math problems.
他整个周末都在苦练数学题

hold one's own  

坚持住,保持实力,不落下风

  • She may be young, but she can hold her own in a debate.
    她虽然年轻,但在辩论中毫不逊色

  • Despite the pressure, he held his own during the interview.
    尽管压力很大,他在面试中还是表现得很稳

  • Our team held its own against much stronger opponents.
    我们队面对实力更强的对手时没有落下风

bear up  

挺住、承受住(困难或痛苦)

  • ​例句​​:

    • She’s ​​bearing up​​ well after her father’s death.
      (父亲去世后,她努力保持坚强。)

    • The team ​​bore up​​ under the intense pressure.
      (团队在重压下坚持住了。)

  • ​搭配​​:

    • ​bear up against criticism​​(面对批评保持坚强)

    • ​bear up under stress​​(在压力下坚持)

dash off

词性:动词短语
🔸 含义1:匆忙地写/画
🔸 含义2:匆匆离开

✅ 含义 1:快速完成某事(尤指写作、画画)

  • He dashed off a quick email before the meeting.
    他在会议前匆匆写了一封邮件

  • She dashed off a sketch in five minutes.
    迅速画了一张速写

✅ 含义 2:突然或匆忙地离开

  • She dashed off without saying goodbye.
    匆匆离开,连再见都没说。

英语听力

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