STM32—TIM输入捕获

1.输入捕获简介

输入捕获模式下，当通道输入引脚出现指定电平跳变时，当前CNT的值将被锁存到CCR中，可用于测量PWM波形的频率、占空比、脉冲间隔、电平持续时间等参数

每个高级定时器和通用定时器都拥有4个输入捕获通道

可配置为PWMI模式，同时测量频率和占空比

可配合主从触发模式，实现硬件全自动测量

2.频率测量

测频法：在闸门时间T内，对上升沿几次，得到N，则频率

                        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        

测周法：在两个上升沿内，以标准频率计次，得到N，则频率

        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        ​​​​​​​        

中界频率：测频法和测周法误差相等的频率点

                                                        

3.主从触发模式

想要通过从模式自动清零CNT的值，只能使用通道一和通道二，不能使用通道三和通道四

通道三和通道四需要进入中断手动清零，但是如此会频繁进中断，消耗软件资源 

4.输入捕获基本结构

其中TI1FP1能通过从模式自动清零CNT

5.PWMI基本结构

6.输入捕获相关代码解释

//单独写入PSC的值
void TIM_PrescalerConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Prescaler, uint16_t TIM_PSCReloadMode);

//初始化IC通道
TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1;
//滤波器的值，值越大，避免干扰的能力越强，最大0xF，滤除高频噪声，不会改变频率
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0xF;
//当前选择上升沿触发
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
//不分频，每次触发都有效。若为2分频，则每两次触发生效
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
//直连通道的输入
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
TIM_ICInit(TIM3,&TIM_ICInitStructure);

//与上一个相似，该函数能快速配置成PWMI模式
TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0xF;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
//该函数直接将通道2配置成与上述通道1的配置相反
TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM3,&TIM_ICInitStructure);

//选择输入触发源TRGI，即从模式的触发源选择
void TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_InputTriggerSource);

//选择输出触发源TRGO，即主模式的触发源选择
void TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_TRGOSource);

//从模式的选择
void TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_SlaveMode);

//分别单独配置通道1、2、3、4的分频器
void TIM_SetIC1Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetIC2Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetIC3Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);
void TIM_SetIC4Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC);

//分别读取四个通道的CCR
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture1(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture2(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture3(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);
uint16_t TIM_GetCapture4(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx);

7.案例

7.1输入捕获模式测频率

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void IC_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
 	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;  
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
 	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

	
	TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM3);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 65536-1;       //ARR
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 72-1;     //PSC
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);

	TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0xF;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
	TIM_ICInit(TIM3,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
	
	TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM3,TIM_TS_TI1FP1);
	TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM3,TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);
}


uint32_t IC_GetFreq(void)
{
	return 1000000/(TIM_GetCapture1(TIM3) + 1);
}

7.2PWMI模式测频率和占空比

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void IC_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
 	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;  
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
 	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

	
	TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM3);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 65536-1;       //ARR
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 72-1;     //PSC
	TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);

	TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0xF;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
	TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM3,&TIM_ICInitStructure);

	TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM3,TIM_TS_TI1FP1);
	TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM3,TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);
}


uint32_t IC_GetFreq(void)
{
	return 1000000/(TIM_GetCapture1(TIM3) + 1);
}


uint32_t IC_GetDuty(void)
{
	return (TIM_GetCapture2(TIM3)+1) * 100 / (TIM_GetCapture1(TIM3) + 1);
}