静态路由实验报告

涛声依旧39316

已于 2023-12-26 21:29:57 修改

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文章标签：网络服务器运维

于 2023-12-26 21:28:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2302_81857356/article/details/135231495

版权

一。实验拓扑

二。实验需求

1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；

2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；

3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；

4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；

5.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；

三.实验思路

1、划分IP，并给相应设备配置IP地址。

分析：纵观整个网络拓扑，可将192.168.1.0/24划分为5个大的网段。

（1）192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路

分析：骨干链路有6条,继续将192.168.1.0/27网段，划分成6个小网段。30位的掩码。也可保证每条链路只有两个IP地址可配，节约IP地址。

192.168.1.0/30

192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.20/30

（2）192.168.1.32/27----R1环回

L0： 192.168.1.32/28

L1: 192.168.1.48/28

（3）192.168.1.64/27----R2环回

L0： 192.168.1.64/28

L1: 192.168.1.80/28

（4）192.168.1.96/27----R3环回

L0： 192.168.1.96/28

L1: 192.168.1.112/28

（5）192.168.1.128/27----R4环回

L0： 192.168.1.128/28

L1: 192.168.1.144/28

2、编写除了到达5.5.5.0/24之外，到达其他网段的静态路由

3、配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通，至此实现全网通，并测试

4、防环，做黑洞路由配置

5、做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现

6、测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路。

四.实验步骤

1、配置IP地址

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[R1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]int l1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[R2]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]int l1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R3]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[R3-LoopBack0]int l1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[R5]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

2、配置路由，除5.5.5.0/24外，实现其他网段可达

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21

测试：

3、配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

3、配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

4、防环，做黑洞路由配置

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.12827 NULL 0

5、做备份

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

6.测试：