UltralyticsYOLOv8_ultralytics使用(2)

results = model.train(data=‘coco128.yaml’, epochs=3)

Evaluate the model’s performance on the validation set

评估模型在验证集上的性能

results = model.val()

Perform object detection on an image using the model

使用模型对图像进行目标检测

results = model(‘https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg’)

Export the model to ONNX format

将模型导出为ONNX格式

success = model.export(format=‘onnx’)

## 二、图像预测


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/969e2039b44e4ff79029b0f51458eefd.png#pic_center)


在机器学习和计算机视觉领域，从可视数据中找出意义的过程被称为 "推理 "或 “预测”。


### 预测模式的主要功能


**1.返回一个包含 stream=False**

from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a model

加载模型

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’) # pretrained YOLOv8n model

Run batched inference on a list of images

在图像列表上运行批处理推理

results = model([‘im1.jpg’, ‘im2.jpg’]) # return a list of Results objects

Process results list

处理结果列表

for result in results:
boxes = result.boxes # Boxes object for bounding box outputs
# 用于边界框输出的边界框对象
masks = result.masks # Masks object for segmentation masks outputs
# 用于分割掩模输出的掩模对象
keypoints = result.keypoints # Keypoints object for pose outputs
# 用于姿势输出的关键点对象
probs = result.probs # Probs object for classification outputs
# 用于分类输出的概率对象
result.show() # display to screen
# 显示到屏幕
result.save(filename=‘result.jpg’) # save to disk
# 保存到磁盘

**2.返回一个带有 stream=True**

from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a model

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’) # pretrained YOLOv8n model

加载一个模型：使用预训练的YOLOv8n模型

Run batched inference on a list of images

results = model([‘im1.jpg’, ‘im2.jpg’], stream=True) # return a generator of Results objects

对图像列表进行批量推理：返回一个Results对象的生成器

Process results generator

for result in results:
boxes = result.boxes # Boxes object for bounding box outputs
masks = result.masks # Masks object for segmentation masks outputs
keypoints = result.keypoints # Keypoints object for pose outputs
probs = result.probs # Probs object for classification outputs
result.show() # display to screen
result.save(filename=‘result.jpg’) # save to disk
# 处理结果生成器：boxes表示边界框输出的Boxes对象
# masks表示分割掩模输出的Masks对象
# keypoints表示姿势输出的Keypoints对象
# probs表示分类输出的Probs对象
# 显示到屏幕
# 保存到磁盘

> 
> 使用 stream=True 用于处理长视频或大型数据集，以有效管理内存。当 stream=False在这种情况下，所有帧或数据点的结果都会存储在内存中，这可能会迅速累加，并导致大量输入出现内存不足错误。与此形成鲜明对比的是 stream=True 利用生成器，它只将当前帧或数据点的结果保存在内存中，从而大大减少了内存消耗并防止出现内存不足的问题。
> 
> 
> 


### 推理源


**1.图像**：在图像文件上运行推理。

from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a pretrained YOLOv8n model

加载预训练的YOLOv8n模型

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’)

Define path to the image file

定义图像文件的路径

source = ‘path/to/image.jpg’

Run inference on the source

在源图像上运行推理

results = model(source) # list of Results objects

results 是结果对象的列表

**2.截图**：以屏幕截图的形式对当前屏幕内容进行推理。

from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a pretrained YOLOv8n model

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’)

Define current screenshot as source

source = ‘screen’

Run inference on the source

results = model(source) # list of Results objects

**3.网址**：通过 URL 对远程托管的图像或视频进行推理。

from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a pretrained YOLOv8n model

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’)

Define remote image or video URL

source = ‘https://ultralytics.com/images/bus.jpg’

Run inference on the source

results = model(source) # list of Results objects

**4.PIL**：在使用Python Imaging Library (PIL) 打开的图像上运行推理。

from PIL import Image
from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a pretrained YOLOv8n model

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’)

Open an image using PIL

source = Image.open(‘path/to/image.jpg’)

Run inference on the source

results = model(source) # list of Results objects

**5.OpenCV**：在使用 OpenCV 读取的图像上运行推理。

import cv2
from ultralytics import YOLO

Load a pretrained YOLOv8n model

model = YOLO(‘yolov8n.pt’)

Read an image using OpenCV

source = cv2.imread(‘path/to/image.jpg’)

Run inference on the sourc