-
状态转换可以由State类或Context类控制。
-
使用状态模式通常会导致设计中类的数目大量增加。
-
状态类可以被多个Context实例共享。
例子 糖果机
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
先来看一下状态模式的类图
1. Context
定义客户感兴趣的接口。
维护一个ConcreteState子类的实例,这个实例定义当前状态。
GumballMachine.java
package gumballstate;
/**
-
2013/7/12
-
@author wwj
-
糖果机
-
利用状态模式
*/
public class GumballMachine {
State soldOutState; //售空状态
State noQuarterState; //没有投入25分钱
State hasQuarterState; //有25分钱了
State soldState; //出售状态
State winnerState; //10%的中奖率
State state = soldOutState;
int count = 0;
public GumballMachine(int numberGumballs) {
soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this);
noQuarterState = new NoQuarterState(this);
hasQuarterState = new HasQuarterState(this);
soldState = new SoldState(this);
winnerState = new WinnerState(this);
this.count = numberGumballs;
if(numberGumballs > 0) {
state = noQuarterState;
}
}
public void insertQuarter() {
state.insertQuarter();
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
state.ejectQuarter();
}
public void turnCrank() {
state.turnCrank();
state.dispense();
}
void setState(State state) {
this.state = state;
}
public State getState() {
return state;
}
void releaseBall() {
System.out.println(“A gumball comes rolling out the slot…”);
if(count != 0) {
count = count - 1;
}
}
public State getSoldOutState() {
return soldOutState;
}
public State getNoQuarterState() {
return noQuarterState;
}
public State getHasQuarterState() {
return hasQuarterState;
}
public State getSoldState() {
return soldState;
}
public State getWinnerState() {
return winnerState;
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
public String toString() {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
result.append(“\nMighty Gumball, Inc.”);
result.append(“\nJava-enabled Standing Gumball Model #2004”);
result.append(“\nInventory: " + count + " gumball”);
if (count != 1) {
result.append(“s”);
}
result.append(“\n”);
result.append("Machine is " + state + “\n”);
return result.toString();
}
}
2.State
定义一个接口以封装与Context的一个特定状态相关的行为。
State.java
package gumballstate;
/**
-
状态接口
-
@author wwj
*/
public interface State {
void insertQuarter();
void ejectQuarter();
void turnCrank();
void dispense();
}
3.ConcreteStateSubClasses
每一个子类实现与context的一个状态相关的行为
NoQuarterState.java
package gumballstate;
/**
-
2013/7/12
-
@author wwj
-
实现状态接口状态类:没有25分钱
*/
public class NoQuarterState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public NoQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine2) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine2;
}
@Override
public void insertQuarter() { //如果有人投入了25分钱,就将状态转换为HasQuarterState
System.out.println(“You inserted a quarter”);
}
@Override
public void ejectQuarter() { //如果没给钱,就不能要求退钱
System.out.println(“You haven’t inserted a quarter”);
}
@Override
public void turnCrank() { //如果没给钱,就不能要求糖果
System.out.println(“You turned, but there’s no quarter”);
}
@Override
public void dispense() { //如果没得到钱,我们就不能发放糖果
System.out.println(“You need to pay first”);
}
}
HasQuarterState.java
package gumballstate;
import java.util.Random;
public class HasQuarterState implements State {
Random randomWinner = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); //随机数产生器
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public HasQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println(“You can’t insert another quarter”);
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println(“Quarter returned”);
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println(“You turned…”);
int winner = randomWinner.nextInt(10); //参数0~10的随机数
if((winner == 0) && (gumballMachine.getCount() > 1)) { //如果随机树为0,且足够的糖果的话,则可以得到两颗糖果
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getWinnerState());
} else {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldState());
}
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println(“No gumball dispensed”);
}
public String toString() {
return “waiting for turn of crank”;
}
}
SoldState.java
package gumballstate;
public class SoldState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public SoldState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println(“Please wait, we’re already giving you a gumball”);
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println(“Sorry, you already turned the crank”);
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println(“Turning twice doesn’t get you another gumball!”);
}
public void dispense() {
gumballMachine.releaseBall();
if (gumballMachine.getCount() > 0) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
} else {
System.out.println(“Oops, out of gumballs!”);
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
}
}
public String toString() {
return “dispensing a gumball”;
}
}
SoldOutState.java
package gumballstate;
public class SoldOutState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public SoldOutState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println(“You can’t insert a quarter, the machine is sold out”);
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println(“You can’t eject, you haven’t inserted a quarter yet”);
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println(“You turned, but there are no gumballs”);
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println(“No gumball dispensed”);
}
public String toString() {
return “sold out”;
}
}
WinnerState.java
package gumballstate;
public class WinnerState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public WinnerState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println(“Please wait, we’re already giving you a Gumball”);
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println(“Please wait, we’re already giving you a Gumball”);
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println(“Turning again doesn’t get you another gumball!”);
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println(“YOU’RE A WINNER! You get two gumballs for your quarter”);
gumballMachine.releaseBall();
if (gumballMachine.getCount() == 0) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
} else {
gumballMachine.releaseBall();
if (gumballMachine.getCount() > 0) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
} else {
System.out.println(“Oops, out of gumballs!”);
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
}
}
}
如何做好面试突击,规划学习方向?
面试题集可以帮助你查漏补缺,有方向有针对性的学习,为之后进大厂做准备。但是如果你仅仅是看一遍,而不去学习和深究。那么这份面试题对你的帮助会很有限。最终还是要靠资深技术水平说话。
网上学习 Android的资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。建议先制定学习计划,根据学习计划把知识点关联起来,形成一个系统化的知识体系。
学习方向很容易规划,但是如果只通过碎片化的学习,对自己的提升是很慢的。
同时我还搜集整理2020年字节跳动,以及腾讯,阿里,华为,小米等公司的面试题,把面试的要求和技术点梳理成一份大而全的“ Android架构师”面试 Xmind(实际上比预期多花了不少精力),包含知识脉络 + 分支细节。
在搭建这些技术框架的时候,还整理了系统的高级进阶教程,会比自己碎片化学习效果强太多。
网上学习 Android的资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。希望这份系统化的技术体系对大家有一个方向参考。
《Android学习笔记总结+移动架构视频+大厂面试真题+项目实战源码》,点击传送门,即可获取!
s!");
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
}
}
}
如何做好面试突击,规划学习方向?
面试题集可以帮助你查漏补缺,有方向有针对性的学习,为之后进大厂做准备。但是如果你仅仅是看一遍,而不去学习和深究。那么这份面试题对你的帮助会很有限。最终还是要靠资深技术水平说话。
网上学习 Android的资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。建议先制定学习计划,根据学习计划把知识点关联起来,形成一个系统化的知识体系。
学习方向很容易规划,但是如果只通过碎片化的学习,对自己的提升是很慢的。
同时我还搜集整理2020年字节跳动,以及腾讯,阿里,华为,小米等公司的面试题,把面试的要求和技术点梳理成一份大而全的“ Android架构师”面试 Xmind(实际上比预期多花了不少精力),包含知识脉络 + 分支细节。
[外链图片转存中…(img-69YZiDoK-1715394613218)]
在搭建这些技术框架的时候,还整理了系统的高级进阶教程,会比自己碎片化学习效果强太多。
[外链图片转存中…(img-gPKaMkGh-1715394613219)]
网上学习 Android的资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。希望这份系统化的技术体系对大家有一个方向参考。
《Android学习笔记总结+移动架构视频+大厂面试真题+项目实战源码》,点击传送门,即可获取!