【案例+源码】数据可视化之统计绘图-Seaborn全套教程_different cubehelix palettes

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Lineplot from a wide-form dataset

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

rs = np.random.RandomState(365)
values = rs.randn(365, 4).cumsum(axis=0)
dates = pd.date_range(“1 1 2016”, periods=365, freq=“D”)
data = pd.DataFrame(values, dates, columns=[“A”, “B”, “C”, “D”])
data = data.rolling(7).mean()

sns.lineplot(data=data, palette=“tab10”, linewidth=2.5)

relplot

这是一个图形级别的函数，它用散点图和线图两种常用的手段来表现统计关系。

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Line plots on multiple facets

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sns.set(style=“ticks”)

dots = sns.load_dataset(“dots”)

Define a palette to ensure that colors will be

shared across the facets

palette = dict(zip(dots.coherence.unique(),
sns.color_palette(“rocket_r”, 6)))

Plot the lines on two facets

sns.relplot(x=“time”, y=“firing_rate”,
hue=“coherence”, size=“choice”, col=“align”,
size_order=[“T1”, “T2”], palette=palette,
height=5, aspect=.75, facet_kws=dict(sharex=False),
kind=“line”, legend=“full”, data=dots)

boxplot

箱形图（Box-plot）又称为盒须图、盒式图或箱线图，是一种用作显示一组数据分散情况资料的统计图。它能显示出一组数据的最大值、最小值、中位数及上下四分位数。

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Grouped boxplots

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sns.set(style=“ticks”, palette=“pastel”)

Load the example tips dataset

tips = sns.load_dataset(“tips”)

Draw a nested boxplot to show bills by day and time

sns.boxplot(x=“day”, y=“total_bill”,
hue=“smoker”, palette=[“m”, “g”],
data=tips)
sns.despine(offset=10, trim=True)

violinplot

violinplot与boxplot扮演类似的角色，它显示了定量数据在一个（或多个）分类变量的多个层次上的分布，这些分布可以进行比较。不像箱形图中所有绘图组件都对应于实际数据点，小提琴绘图以基础分布的核密度估计为特征。

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Violinplots with observations

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sns.set()

Create a random dataset across several variables

rs = np.random.RandomState(0)
n, p = 40, 8
d = rs.normal(0, 2, (n, p))
d += np.log(np.arange(1, p + 1)) * -5 + 10

Use cubehelix to get a custom sequential palette

pal = sns.cubehelix_palette(p, rot=-.5, dark=.3)

Show each distribution with both violins and points

sns.violinplot(data=d, palette=pal, inner=“points”)

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Grouped violinplots with split violins

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”, palette=“pastel”, color_codes=True)

Load the example tips dataset

tips = sns.load_dataset(“tips”)

Draw a nested violinplot and split the violins for easier comparison

sns.violinplot(x=“day”, y=“total_bill”, hue=“smoker”,
split=True, inner=“quart”,
palette={“Yes”: “y”, “No”: “b”},
data=tips)
sns.despine(left=True)

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Violinplot from a wide-form dataset

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Load the example dataset of brain network correlations

df = sns.load_dataset(“brain_networks”, header=[0, 1, 2], index_col=0)

Pull out a specific subset of networks

used_networks = [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17]
used_columns = (df.columns.get_level_values(“network”)
.astype(int)
.isin(used_networks))
df = df.loc[:, used_columns]

Compute the correlation matrix and average over networks

corr_df = df.corr().groupby(level=“network”).mean()
corr_df.index = corr_df.index.astype(int)
corr_df = corr_df.sort_index().T

Set up the matplotlib figure

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(11, 6))

Draw a violinplot with a narrower bandwidth than the default

sns.violinplot(data=corr_df, palette=“Set3”, bw=.2, cut=1, linewidth=1)

Finalize the figure

ax.set(ylim=(-.7, 1.05))
sns.despine(left=True, bottom=True)

heatmap热力图

利用热力图可以看数据表里多个特征两两的相似度。

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Annotated heatmaps

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sns.set()

Load the example flights dataset and conver to long-form

flights_long = sns.load_dataset(“flights”)
flights = flights_long.pivot(“month”, “year”, “passengers”)

Draw a heatmap with the numeric values in each cell

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 6))
sns.heatmap(flights, annot=True, fmt=“d”, linewidths=.5, ax=ax)

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Plotting a diagonal correlation matrix

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from string import ascii_letters

sns.set(style=“white”)

Generate a large random dataset

rs = np.random.RandomState(33)
d = pd.DataFrame(data=rs.normal(size=(100, 26)),
columns=list(ascii_letters[26:]))

Compute the correlation matrix

corr = d.corr()

Generate a mask for the upper triangle

mask = np.zeros_like(corr, dtype=np.bool)
mask[np.triu_indices_from(mask)] = True

Set up the matplotlib figure

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(11, 9))

Generate a custom diverging colormap

cmap = sns.diverging_palette(220, 10, as_cmap=True)

Draw the heatmap with the mask and correct aspect ratio

sns.heatmap(corr, mask=mask, cmap=cmap, vmax=.3, center=0,
square=True, linewidths=.5, cbar_kws={“shrink”: .5})

jointplot

用于2个变量的画图

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Joint kernel density estimate

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sns.set(style=“white”)

Generate a random correlated bivariate dataset

rs = np.random.RandomState(5)
mean = [0, 0]
cov = [(1, .5), (.5, 1)]
x1, x2 = rs.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, 500).T
x1 = pd.Series(x1, name=“$X\_1$”)
x2 = pd.Series(x2, name=“$X\_2$”)

Show the joint distribution using kernel density estimation

g = sns.jointplot(x1, x2, kind=“kde”, height=7, space=0)

pos_id=img-FBBVohhM-1694680791085)

HexBin图

直方图的双变量类似物被称为“hexbin”图，因为它显示了落在六边形仓内的观测数。该图适用于较大的数据集。

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Hexbin plot with marginal distributions

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sns.set(style=“ticks”)

rs = np.random.RandomState(11)
x = rs.gamma(2, size=1000)
y = -.5 * x + rs.normal(size=1000)

sns.jointplot(x, y, kind=“hex”, color=“#4CB391”)

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Linear regression with marginal distributions

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sns.set(style=“darkgrid”)

tips = sns.load_dataset(“tips”)
g = sns.jointplot(“total_bill”, “tip”, data=tips, kind=“reg”,
xlim=(0, 60), ylim=(0, 12), color=“m”, height=7)

barplot(条形图)

条形图表示数值变量与每个矩形高度的中心趋势的估计值，并使用误差线提供关于该估计值附近的不确定性的一些指示。

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Horizontal bar plots

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Load the example car crash dataset

crashes = sns.load_dataset(“car_crashes”).sort_values(“total”, ascending=False)

Initialize the matplotlib figure

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 15))

Plot the total crashes

sns.set_color_codes(“pastel”)
sns.barplot(x=“total”, y=“abbrev”, data=crashes,
label=“Total”, color=“b”)

Plot the crashes where alcohol was involved

sns.set_color_codes(“muted”)
sns.barplot(x=“alcohol”, y=“abbrev”, data=crashes,
label=“Alcohol-involved”, color=“b”)

Add a legend and informative axis label

ax.legend(ncol=2, loc=“lower right”, frameon=True)
ax.set(xlim=(0, 24), ylabel=“”,
xlabel=“Automobile collisions per billion miles”)
sns.despine(left=True, bottom=True)

catplot

分类图表的接口，通过指定kind参数可以画出下面的八种图

stripplot() 分类散点图

swarmplot() 能够显示分布密度的分类散点图

boxplot() 箱图

violinplot() 小提琴图

boxenplot() 增强箱图

pointplot() 点图

barplot() 条形图

countplot() 计数图

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Grouped barplots

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Load the example Titanic dataset

titanic = sns.load_dataset(“titanic”)

Draw a nested barplot to show survival for class and sex

g = sns.catplot(x=“class”, y=“survived”, hue=“sex”, data=titanic,
height=6, kind=“bar”, palette=“muted”)
g.despine(left=True)
g.set_ylabels(“survival probability”)

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Plotting a three-way ANOVA

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Load the example exercise dataset

df = sns.load_dataset(“exercise”)

Draw a pointplot to show pulse as a function of three categorical factors

g = sns.catplot(x=“time”, y=“pulse”, hue=“kind”, col=“diet”,
capsize=.2, palette=“YlGnBu_d”, height=6, aspect=.75,
kind=“point”, data=df)
g.despine(left=True)

pointplot

点图代表散点图位置的数值变量的中心趋势估计，并使用误差线提供关于该估计的不确定性的一些指示。点图可能比条形图更有用于聚焦一个或多个分类变量的不同级别之间的比较。他们尤其善于表现交互作用：一个分类变量的层次之间的关系如何在第二个分类变量的层次之间变化。连接来自相同色调等级的每个点的线允许交互作用通过斜率的差异进行判断，这比对几组点或条的高度比较容易。

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Conditional means with observations

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)
iris = sns.load_dataset(“iris”)

“Melt” the dataset to “long-form” or “tidy” representation

iris = pd.melt(iris, “species”, var_name=“measurement”)

Initialize the figure

f, ax = plt.subplots()
sns.despine(bottom=True, left=True)

Show each observation with a scatterplot

sns.stripplot(x=“value”, y=“measurement”, hue=“species”,
data=iris, dodge=True, jitter=True,
alpha=.25, zorder=1)

Show the conditional means

sns.pointplot(x=“value”, y=“measurement”, hue=“species”,
data=iris, dodge=.532, join=False, palette=“dark”,
markers=“d”, scale=.75, ci=None)

Improve the legend

handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles[3:], labels[3:], title=“species”,
handletextpad=0, columnspacing=1,
loc=“lower right”, ncol=3, frameon=True)

scatterplot(散点图)

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Scatterplot with categorical and numerical semantics

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Load the example iris dataset

diamonds = sns.load_dataset(“diamonds”)

Draw a scatter plot while assigning point colors and sizes to different

variables in the dataset

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6.5, 6.5))
sns.despine(f, left=True, bottom=True)
clarity_ranking = [“I1”, “SI2”, “SI1”, “VS2”, “VS1”, “VVS2”, “VVS1”, “IF”]
sns.scatterplot(x=“carat”, y=“price”,
hue=“clarity”, size=“depth”,
palette=“ch:r=-.2,d=.3_r”,
hue_order=clarity_ranking,
sizes=(1, 8), linewidth=0,
data=diamonds, ax=ax)

boxenplot（增强箱图）

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Plotting large distributions

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

diamonds = sns.load_dataset(“diamonds”)
clarity_ranking = [“I1”, “SI2”, “SI1”, “VS2”, “VS1”, “VVS2”, “VVS1”, “IF”]

sns.boxenplot(x=“clarity”, y=“carat”,
color=“b”, order=clarity_ranking,
scale=“linear”, data=diamonds)

Scatterplot（散点图）

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Scatterplot with continuous hues and sizes

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sns.set()

Load the example iris dataset

planets = sns.load_dataset(“planets”)

cmap = sns.cubehelix_palette(rot=-.2, as_cmap=True)
ax = sns.scatterplot(x=“distance”, y=“orbital_period”,
hue=“year”, size=“mass”,
palette=cmap, sizes=(10, 200),
data=planets)

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Scatterplot with marginal ticks

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sns.set(style=“white”, color_codes=True)

Generate a random bivariate dataset

rs = np.random.RandomState(9)
mean = [0, 0]
cov = [(1, 0), (0, 2)]
x, y = rs.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, 100).T

Use JointGrid directly to draw a custom plot

grid = sns.JointGrid(x, y, space=0, height=6, ratio=50)
grid.plot_joint(plt.scatter, color=“g”)
grid.plot_marginals(sns.rugplot, height=1, color=“g”)

PairGrid

用于绘制数据集中成对关系的子图网格。

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Paired density and scatterplot matrix

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sns.set(style=“white”)

df = sns.load_dataset(“iris”)

g = sns.PairGrid(df, diag_sharey=False)
g.map_lower(sns.kdeplot)
g.map_upper(sns.scatterplot)
g.map_diag(sns.kdeplot, lw=3)

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Paired categorical plots

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Load the example Titanic dataset

titanic = sns.load_dataset(“titanic”)

Set up a grid to plot survival probability against several variables

g = sns.PairGrid(titanic, y_vars=“survived”,
x_vars=[“class”, “sex”, “who”, “alone”],
height=5, aspect=.5)

Draw a seaborn pointplot onto each Axes

g.map(sns.pointplot, scale=1.3, errwidth=4, color=“xkcd:plum”)
g.set(ylim=(0, 1))
sns.despine(fig=g.fig, left=True)

residplot

线性回归残差图

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Plotting model residuals

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”)

Make an example dataset with y ~ x

rs = np.random.RandomState(7)
x = rs.normal(2, 1, 75)
y = 2 + 1.5 * x + rs.normal(0, 2, 75)

Plot the residuals after fitting a linear model

sns.residplot(x, y, lowess=True, color=“g”)

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Scatterplot with varying point sizes and hues

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sns.set(style=“white”)

Load the example mpg dataset

mpg = sns.load_dataset(“mpg”)

Plot miles per gallon against horsepower with other semantics

sns.relplot(x=“horsepower”, y=“mpg”, hue=“origin”, size=“weight”,
sizes=(40, 400), alpha=.5, palette=“muted”,
height=6, data=mpg)

swarmplot

能够显示分布密度的分类散点图

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Scatterplot with categorical variables

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sns.set(style=“whitegrid”, palette=“muted”)

Load the example iris dataset

iris = sns.load_dataset(“iris”)

“Melt” the dataset to “long-form” or “tidy” representation

iris = pd.melt(iris, “species”, var_name=“measurement”)

Draw a categorical scatterplot to show each observation

sns.swarmplot(x=“measurement”, y=“value”, hue=“species”,
palette=[“r”, “c”, “y”], data=iris)

pairplot

变量关系组图

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Scatterplot Matrix

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sns.set(style=“ticks”)

df = sns.load_dataset(“iris”)
sns.pairplot(df, hue=“species”)

clustermap

聚集图

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Discovering structure in heatmap data

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sns.set()

Load the brain networks example dataset

df = sns.load_dataset(“brain_networks”, header=[0, 1, 2], index_col=0)

Select a subset of the networks

used_networks = [1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17]
used_columns = (df.columns.get_level_values(“network”)
.astype(int)
.isin(used_networks))
df = df.loc[:, used_columns]

Create a categorical palette to identify the networks

network_pal = sns.husl_palette(8, s=.45)
network_lut = dict(zip(map(str, used_networks), network_pal))

Convert the palette to vectors that will be drawn on the side of the matrix

networks = df.columns.get_level_values(“network”)
network_colors = pd.Series(networks, index=df.columns).map(network_lut)

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mns).map(network_lut)

自我介绍一下，小编13年上海交大毕业，曾经在小公司待过，也去过华为、OPPO等大厂，18年进入阿里一直到现在。

深知大多数Go语言工程师，想要提升技能，往往是自己摸索成长或者是报班学习，但对于培训机构动则几千的学费，着实压力不小。自己不成体系的自学效果低效又漫长，而且极易碰到天花板技术停滞不前！

因此收集整理了一份《2024年Go语言全套学习资料》，初衷也很简单，就是希望能够帮助到想自学提升又不知道该从何学起的朋友，同时减轻大家的负担。
[外链图片转存中…(img-CO3Ur14B-1713002923250)]
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[外链图片转存中…(img-Z9bqtXpY-1713002923252)]

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如果你觉得这些内容对你有帮助，可以添加V获取：vip1024b （备注Go）
[外链图片转存中…(img-ml9wt1bj-1713002923253)]

一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远。不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎扫码加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！