Python基础（十二） 还不会python绘图？两万字博文教你Matplotlib库（超详细总结）_python绘图不从头开始

x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
y = x\*\*2
plt.scatter(x, y, c=y, cmap="inferno")  # 让c随着y的值变化在cmap中进行映射
plt.colorbar() # 输出颜色条

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x18848d392e8>

颜色配置参考官方文档

https://matplotlib.org/examples/color/colormaps_reference.html

【3】根据数据控制点的大小

x, y, colors, size = (np.random.rand(100) for i in range(4))
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=1000\*size, cmap="viridis")

<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x18847b48748>

【4】透明度

x, y, colors, size = (np.random.rand(100) for i in range(4))
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=1000\*size, cmap="viridis", alpha=0.3)
plt.colorbar()

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x18848f2be10>

【例】随机漫步

from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
    """一个生产随机漫步的类"""
    def \_\_init\_\_(self, num_points=5000):
        self.num_points = num_points
        self.x_values = [0]
        self.y_values = [0]
    
    def fill\_walk(self):
        while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])
            x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            x_step = x_direction \* x_distance
            
            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            y_step = y_direction \* y_distance            
        
            if x_step == 0 or y_step == 0:
                continue
            next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
            self.x_values.append(next_x)
            self.y_values.append(next_y)

rw = RandomWalk(10000)
rw.fill_walk()
point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))        # 设置画布大小 
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap="inferno", s=1)
plt.colorbar()
plt.scatter(0, 0, c="green", s=100)
plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c="red", s=100)

plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])

([], <a list of 0 Text yticklabel objects>)

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13.1.3 柱形图

【1】简单柱形图

x = np.arange(1, 6)
plt.bar(x, 2\*x, align="center", width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color='yellow', edgecolor='red')
plt.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=13)

x = np.arange(1, 6)
plt.bar(x, 2\*x, align="center", width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color='yellow', edgecolor='red')
plt.xticks(x, ('G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5'))
plt.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=13) 

x = ('G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5')
y = 2 \* np.arange(1, 6)
plt.bar(x, y, align="center", width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color='yellow', edgecolor='red')
plt.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=13) 

x = ["G"+str(i) for i in range(5)]
y = 1/(1+np.exp(-np.arange(5)))

colors = ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green', 'gray']
plt.bar(x, y, align="center", width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color=colors)
plt.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=13)

【2】累加柱形图

x = np.arange(5)
y1 = np.random.randint(20, 30, size=5)
y2 = np.random.randint(20, 30, size=5)
plt.bar(x, y1, width=0.5, label="man")
plt.bar(x, y2, width=0.5, bottom=y1, label="women")
plt.legend()

<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x2052db25cc0>

【3】并列柱形图

x = np.arange(15)
y1 = x+1
y2 = y1+np.random.random(15)
plt.bar(x, y1, width=0.3, label="man")
plt.bar(x+0.3, y2, width=0.3, label="women")
plt.legend()

<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x2052daf35f8>

【4】横向柱形图barh

x = ['G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5']
y = 2 \* np.arange(1, 6)
plt.barh(x, y, align="center"