常用三角函数总结

诱导公式

整周期

$$\begin{array}{l}\sin (2k\pi +\alpha )=\sin \alpha (k\in Z)\\ \\ \cos (2k\pi +\alpha )=\cos \alpha (k\in Z)\\ \\ \tan (2k\pi +\alpha )=\tan \alpha (k\in Z)\\ \\ \cot (2k\pi +\alpha )=\cot \alpha (k\in Z)\\ \\ \sec (2k\pi +\alpha )=\sec \alpha (k\in Z)\\ \\ \csc (2k\pi +\alpha )=\csc \alpha (k\in Z)\end{array}$$

半周期

$$\begin{array}{l}\sin (\pi +\alpha )=-\sin \alpha \\ \\ \cos (\pi +\alpha )=-\cos \alpha \\ \\ \tan (\pi +\alpha )=\tan \alpha \\ \\ \cot (\pi +\alpha )=\cot \alpha \\ \\ \sec (\pi +\alpha )=-\sec \alpha \\ \\ \csc (\pi +\alpha )=-\csc \alpha \\ \end{array}$$

四分之一周期

$$\begin{array}{l}\sin (\pi /2+\alpha )=\cos \alpha \\ \\ \cos (\pi /2+\alpha )=-\sin \alpha \\ \\ \tan (\pi /2+\alpha )=-\cot \alpha \\ \\ \cot (\pi /2+\alpha )=-\tan \alpha \\ \\ \sec (\pi /2+\alpha )=-\csc \alpha \\ \\ \csc (\pi /2+\alpha )=\sec \alpha \\ \end{array}$$

恒等变形

平方关系

$$\begin{array}{l}{\sin }^2\alpha +{\cos }^2\alpha =1\\ \\ {\tan }^2\alpha +1={\sec }^2\alpha \\ \\ {\cot }^2\alpha +1={\csc }^2\alpha \end{array}$$

积的关系

$$\begin{array}{l}\sin \alpha =\tan \alpha \times \cos \alpha \\ \\ \cos \alpha =\cot \alpha \times \sin \alpha \\ \\ \tan \alpha =\sin \alpha \times \sec \alpha \\ \\ \cot \alpha =\cos \alpha \times \csc \alpha \\ \\ \sec \alpha =\tan \alpha \times \csc \alpha \\ \\ \csc \alpha =\sec \alpha \times \cot \alpha \end{array}$$

三角函数展开

$$\begin{array}{c}\cos (\alpha +\beta )=\cos \alpha \cos \beta -\sin \alpha \sin \beta \\ \\ \cos (\alpha -\beta )=\cos \alpha \cos \beta +\sin \alpha \sin \beta \\ \\ \sin (\alpha +\beta )=\sin \alpha \cos \beta +\cos \alpha \sin \beta \\ \\ \sin (\alpha -\beta )=\sin \alpha \cos \beta -\cos \alpha \sin \beta \\ \\ \tan (\alpha +\beta )=\frac{\tan \alpha +\tan \beta }{1-\tan \alpha \tan \beta }\\ \\ \tan (\alpha -\beta )=\frac{\tan \alpha -\tan \beta }{1+\tan \alpha \tan \beta }\end{array}$$

辅助角公式

$$\begin{array}{rl}a\sin \alpha +b\cos \alpha & =\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\sin (\alpha +\phi )\\ & \\ \sin \phi & =\frac{b}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\\ & \\ \cos \phi & =\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\end{array}$$

倍角公式

$$\begin{array}{c}\sin 2\alpha =2\sin \alpha \cos \alpha =\frac{2}{\tan \alpha +\cot \alpha }\\ \\ \cos 2\alpha ={\cos }^2\alpha -{\sin }^2\alpha =2{\cos }^2\alpha -1=1-2{\sin }^2\alpha \\ \\ \tan 2\alpha =\frac{2\tan \alpha }{1-{\tan }^2\alpha }\end{array}$$

半角公式

$$\begin{array}{c}\sin \frac{\alpha }{2}=\pm \sqrt{\frac{1-\cos \alpha }{2}}\\ \\ \cos \frac{\alpha }{2}=\pm \sqrt{\frac{1+\cos \alpha }{2}}\\ \\ \tan \frac{\alpha }{2}=\pm \sqrt{\frac{1-\cos \alpha }{1+\cos \alpha }}=\frac{\sin \alpha }{1+\cos \alpha }=\frac{1-\cos \alpha }{\sin \alpha }\end{array}$$

降幂公式

$$\begin{array}{c}{\sin }^2\alpha =\frac{1-\cos 2\alpha }{2}=\frac{\text{ versin }2\alpha }{2}\\ \\ {\cos }^2\alpha =\frac{1+\cos 2\alpha }{2}=\frac{\text{ vercos }2\alpha }{2}\\ \\ {\tan }^2\alpha =\frac{1-\cos 2\alpha }{1+\cos 2\alpha }\end{array}$$

万能公式

$$\begin{array}{l}\sin \alpha =\frac{2\tan \frac{\alpha }{2}}{1+{\tan }^2\frac{\alpha }{2}}\\ \\ \cos \alpha =\frac{1-{\tan }^2\frac{\alpha }{2}}{1+{\tan }^2\frac{\alpha }{2}}\\ \\ \tan \alpha =\frac{2\tan \frac{\alpha }{2}}{1-{\tan }^2\frac{\alpha }{2}}\end{array}$$

积化和差

$$\begin{array}{l}\sin \alpha \cos \beta =\frac{1}{2}[\sin (\alpha +\beta )+\sin (\alpha -\beta )]\\ \\ \cos \alpha \sin \beta =\frac{1}{2}[\sin (\alpha +\beta )-\sin (\alpha -\beta )]\\ \\ \cos \alpha \cos \beta =\frac{1}{2}[\cos (\alpha +\beta )+\cos (\alpha -\beta )]\\ \\ \sin \alpha \sin \beta =-\frac{1}{2}[\cos (\alpha +\beta )-\cos (\alpha -\beta )]\end{array}$$

和差化积

$$\begin{array}{c}\sin \alpha +\sin \beta =2\sin \frac{\alpha +\beta }{2}\cos \frac{\alpha -\beta }{2}\\ \\ \sin \alpha -\sin \beta =2\cos \frac{\alpha +\beta }{2}\sin \frac{\alpha -\beta }{2}\\ \\ \cos \alpha +\cos \beta =2\cos \frac{\alpha +\beta }{2}\cos \frac{\alpha -\beta }{2}\\ \\ \cos \alpha -\cos \beta =-2\sin \frac{\alpha +\beta }{2}\sin \frac{\alpha -\beta }{2}\end{array}$$