拉格朗日乘子法实现非线性规划
拉格朗日乘子法原理介绍
对于二元函数,设目标函数为f( x 1 , x 2 x_1,x_2 x1,x2),极值存在的必要条件为:
等式约束为: g ( x 1 , x 2 ) = 0 g(x_1,x_2)=0 g(x1,x2)=0
在无约束时, ∂ f ∗ ∂ x 1 = ∂ f ∗ ∂ x 1 = 0 , 即 d f = ( ∂ f ∗ ∂ x 1 ) d x 1 + ( ∂ f ∗ ∂ x 2 ) d x 2 = 0 \frac{\partial f^*}{\partial x_1}=\frac{\partial f^*}{\partial x_1}=0,即df=(\frac{\partial f^*}{\partial x_1})dx_1+(\frac{\partial f^*}{\partial x_2})dx_2=0 ∂x1∂f∗=∂x1∂f∗=0,即df=(∂x1∂f∗)dx1+(∂x2∂f∗)dx2=0
在有等式约束时,除了以上关系式还要满足:
d g = ( ∂ g ∗ ∂ x 1 ) d x 1 + ( ∂ g ∗ ∂ x 2 ) d x 2 = 0 dg=(\frac{\partial g^*}{\partial x_1})dx_1+(\frac{\partial g^*}{\partial x_2})dx_2=0 dg=(∂x1∂g∗)dx1+(∂x2∂g∗)dx2=0
由以上两个式子可以得出
d x 2 d x 1 = − ( ∂ f ∗ / ∂ x 1 ∂ f ∗ / ∂ x 2 ) d x 2 d x 1 = − ( ∂ g ∗ / ∂ x 1 ∂ g ∗ / ∂ x 2 ) \frac {dx_2}{dx_1}=-(\frac{\partial f^*/\partial x_1}{\partial f^*/\partial x_2}) \frac {dx_2}{dx_1}=-(\frac{\partial g^*/\partial x_1}{\partial g^*/\partial x_2}) dx1