输入一个字符串，内有数字和非数字字符，例如： A123x456 17960? 302tab5876 将其中连续的数字作为一个整数，依次存放到一数组a中。例如，123放在a[0]，456放在a[1]……

输入一个字符串，内有数字和非数字字符，例如：
A123x456 17960? 302tab5876
将其中连续的数字作为一个整数，依次存放到一数组a中。例如，123放在a[0]，456放在a[1]……统计共有多少个整数，并输出这些数。

方法一：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

void output(char *s, int n);            //声明输出函数

int main()
{
    char str[30]={0};
    printf("Please enter string: ");    //输入字符串
    gets(str);
    output(str, 30);                    //调用输出函数
    return 0;
}

//输出函数
void output(char *s, int n)
{
    char *i;
    int j, k, t, m, temp[10], num;
    double sum, a[30];
    for (i=s, num=0, j=0, m=0; i<s+n; i++)
    {
    	if (*i>='0'&&*i<='9') num=1, temp[j++]=(int)(*i-'0');
        else if (num)
		{
            for (num=0, k=0, sum=0, t=j-1; k<j; sum+=temp[k]*pow(10, t), t--, k++);
            a[m++]=sum, j=0;
        }
	}
    for(j=0, printf("There is %d number in the string.\nResult: ", m); j<m; printf("%.0f ", a[j++]));
    printf("\n");
}

在VS2019下，需将源文件的gets做些修改：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

void output(char* s, int n);            //声明输出函数

int main()
{
    char str[30] = { 0 };
    printf("Please enter string: ");    //输入字符串
    gets_s(str, 30);
    output(str, 30);                    //调用输出函数
    return 0;
}

//输出函数
void output(char* s, int n)
{
    char* i;
    int j, k, t, m, temp[10], num;
    double sum, a[30];
    for (i = s, num = 0, j = 0, m = 0; i < s + n; i++)
    {
        if (*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') num = 1, temp[j++] = (int)(*i - '0');
        else if (num)
        {
            for (num = 0, k = 0, sum = 0, t = j - 1; k < j; sum += temp[k] * pow(10, t), t--, k++);
            a[m++] = sum, j = 0;
        }
    }
    for (j = 0, printf("There is %d number in the string.\nResult: ", m); j < m; printf("%.0f ", a[j++]));
    printf("\n");
}

方法二：（利用动态内存分配）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void print(char *p_char);

int main()
{
    char *string;
    string=(char *)malloc(80*sizeof(char));
    printf("Please enter string: ");
    gets(string);
    print(string);
    return 0;
}

void print(char *p_char)
{
    int word, i, j, n=(int)strlen(p_char);
    char *p, *num[30];
    int q;
    for (i=0; i<20; num[i++]=(char*)malloc(30*sizeof(char)));
    for (p=p_char, word=0, i=0, j=0; p<p_char+n; p++)
	{
        if (*p>='0'&&*p<='9')
		{
            word=1;
            num[i][j]=*p;
            q=num[i][j];
            j++;
        }
        else if (word==1)
		{	
			q=num[i][j];
			num[i++][j]='\0';
            j=0;
            word=0;
        }
    }
    int k;
    if(q>='0'&&q<='9')	
   		k=i+1;
	else
		k=i;
    num[i][j]='\0';
    printf("There are %d numbers in the string.\n", k);
    for (j=0; j<i+1; puts(num[j++]));
}

在VS2019下，需将源文件的gets做些修改：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void print(char* p_char);

int main()
{
    char* string;
    string = (char*)malloc(80 * sizeof(char));
    printf("Please enter string: ");
    gets_s(string, strlen(string));
    print(string);
    return 0;
}

void print(char* p_char)
{
    int word, i, j, n = (int)strlen(p_char);
    char* p, * num[30];
    int q;
    for (i = 0; i < 20; num[i++] = (char*)malloc(30 * sizeof(char)));
    for (p = p_char, word = 0, i = 0, j = 0; p < p_char + n; p++)
    {
        if (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')
        {
            word = 1;
            num[i][j] = *p;
            q = num[i][j];
            j++;
        }
        else if (word == 1)
        {
            q = num[i][j];
            num[i++][j] = '\0';
            j = 0;
            word = 0;
        }
    }
    int k;
    if (q >= '0' && q <= '9')
        k = i + 1;
    else
        k = i;
    num[i][j] = '\0';
    printf("There are %d numbers in the string.\n", k);
    for (j = 0; j < i + 1; puts(num[j++]));
}