OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第五课

• 简介

这节课将在第四课的基础上进行扩展，创建3D物体。我们将三角形变为3D的三棱锥形，把四边形变为立方体。同时三棱锥沿Y轴旋转，四边形沿着（1,1,1）方向旋转。

• 实现

本课与第二课十分类似，只需要多绘制几个面即可，三棱锥的绘制代码如下

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1. osg::Geometry *triangleGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
2. osg::Vec3Array *triangleVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
3. for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(TriangleVertices); ++i)  
4. {  
5.     triangleVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(TriangleVertices[i][0], TriangleVertices[i][1], TriangleVertices[i][2]));  
6. }  
7. triangleGeometry->setVertexArray(triangleVertexArray);  
8. osg::Vec4Array *triangleColorArray = new osg::Vec4Array;  
9. for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(TriangleColors); ++i)  
10. {  
11.     triangleColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(TriangleColors[i][0], TriangleColors[i][1], TriangleColors[i][2], 1.0f));  
12. }  
13. triangleGeometry->setColorArray(triangleColorArray);  
14. triangleGeometry->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_PER_VERTEX);  
15. triangleGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, 12));  

在这里需要注意在DrawArrays类的构造函数需要将第三个参数修改为所有Vertex的总数，即12个

以下是立方体的绘制代码

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1. osg::Geometry *quadGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
2. osg::Vec3Array *quadVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
3. for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(QuadVertices); ++i)  
4. {  
5.     quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(QuadVertices[i][0], QuadVertices[i][1], QuadVertices[i][2]));  
6. }  
7. quadGeometry->setVertexArray(quadVertexArray);  
8.   
9. int first = 0;  
10. for (unsigned i = 0; i < 6; ++i)  
11. {  
12.     osg::DrawArrays *vertexIndices = new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, first, 4);  
13.     first += 4;  
14.     quadGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(vertexIndices);  
15. }  

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1. osg::Vec4Array *quadColorArray = new osg::Vec4Array;  
2. for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(QuadColors); ++i)  
3. {  
4.     quadColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(QuadColors[i][0], QuadColors[i][1], QuadColors[i][2], 1.0f));  
5. }  
6. quadGeometry->setColorArray(quadColorArray);  
7. quadGeometry->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_PER_PRIMITIVE_SET);  

注意到颜色绑定的方式是每个PrimitiveSet绑定一次，总共需要6个颜色值。

此处如果使用DrawArrayLengths那么绑定的方式不能设置为BIND_PER_PRIMITIVE_SET，因为它只是一个PrimitiveSet，只会绑定第一个颜色值。

编译运行程序

附：本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足，仅供参考)

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/NodeVisitor>  
13. #include <osg/AnimationPath>  
14.   
15.   
16.  float TriangleVertices[][3] = {  {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f}, { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},  
17. {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f}, { 1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f},   
18. {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f},{1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f},{ -1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f},  
19. {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f}, { -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f} };  
20.   
21.  float TriangleColors[][3] = {  { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, { 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f}, { 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f},   
22. { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, { 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f}, { 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f},  
23. { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, { 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f}, { 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f},    
24. { 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f}, { 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f},{ 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f} };  
25.   
26.   
27.  float QuadVertices[][3] = {   
28.      {1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f},                    // Top Right Of The Quad (Top)  
29.      {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Top Left Of The Quad (Top)  
30.      {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top)  
31.      { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top)};  
32.      { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},               // Top Right Of The Quad {Bottom}  
33.      {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Top Left Of The Quad {Bottom}  
34.      {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Bottom Left Of The Quad {Bottom}  
35.      { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Bottom Right Of The Quad {Bottom}  
36.   
37.      { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Top Right Of The Quad {Front}  
38.      {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Top Left Of The Quad {Front}  
39.      {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Bottom Left Of The Quad {Front}  
40.      { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Bottom Right Of The Quad {Front}  
41.   
42.      { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Top Right Of The Quad {Back}  
43.      {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Top Left Of The Quad {Back}  
44.      {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Bottom Left Of The Quad {Back}  
45.      { 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Bottom Right Of The Quad {Back}  
46.   
47.      {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Top Right Of The Quad {Left}  
48.      {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Top Left Of The Quad {Left}  
49.      {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Bottom Left Of The Quad {Left}  
50.      {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Bottom Right Of The Quad {Left}  
51.   
52.      { 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f},                   // Top Right Of The Quad {Right}  
53.      { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Top Left Of The Quad {Right}  
54.      { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f},                   // Bottom Left Of The Quad {Right}  
55.      { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f}                    // Bottom Right Of The Quad {Right}  
56.   
57.  };  
58.   
59.  const float QuadColors[][3] ={{ 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f },{ 1.0f,0.5f,0.0f },{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },  
60.  { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } };  
61.   
62.   
63. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
64. {  
65. public:  
66.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
67.     {  
68.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
69.   
70.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
71.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
72.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
73.         setLayout( layout );  
74.   
75.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
76.         _timer.start( 10 );  
77.     }  
78.   
79.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
80.     {  
81.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
82.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
83.   
84.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
85.   
86.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );  
87.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
88.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
89.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
90.   
91.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
92.   
93.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
94.     }  
95.   
96.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
97.     {  
98.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
99.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
100.         traits->windowName = name;  
101.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
102.         traits->x = x;  
103.         traits->y = y;  
104.         traits->width = w;  
105.         traits->height = h;  
106.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
107.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
108.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
109.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
110.         traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();  
111.   
112.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
113.     }  
114.   
115.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
116.     {   
117.         frame();   
118.     }  
119.   
120. protected:  
121.   
122.     QTimer _timer;  
123. };  
124.   
125.   
126.   
127. //  
128.   
129.   
130.   
131. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
132. {  
133.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
134.   
135.     osg::MatrixTransform *triangleMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
136.     triangleMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(-1.5, 0.0, -6.0));  
137.   
138.     osg::AnimationPathCallback *triangleAnimationCallback =   
139.         new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Y_AXIS, 2);  
140.     osg::MatrixTransform *triangleRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
141.     triangleRotMT->setUpdateCallback(triangleAnimationCallback);  
142.   
143.     osg::Geometry *triangleGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
144.     osg::Vec3Array *triangleVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
145.     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(TriangleVertices); ++i)  
146.     {  
147.         triangleVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(TriangleVertices[i][0], TriangleVertices[i][1], TriangleVertices[i][2]));  
148.     }  
149.     triangleGeometry->setVertexArray(triangleVertexArray);  
150.     osg::Vec4Array *triangleColorArray = new osg::Vec4Array;  
151.     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(TriangleColors); ++i)  
152.     {  
153.         triangleColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(TriangleColors[i][0], TriangleColors[i][1], TriangleColors[i][2], 1.0f));  
154.     }  
155.     triangleGeometry->setColorArray(triangleColorArray);  
156.     triangleGeometry->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_PER_VERTEX);  
157.     triangleGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, 12));  
158.     osg::Geode *triangleGeode = new osg::Geode;  
159.   
160.     triangleGeode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
161.     triangleGeode->addDrawable(triangleGeometry);  
162.     triangleRotMT->addChild(triangleGeode);  
163.     triangleMT->addChild(triangleRotMT);  
164.   
165.     //四边形部分  
166.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
167.     quadMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(1.5, 0.0, -6.0));  
168.   
169.     osg::AnimationPathCallback *quadAnimationCallback =   
170.         new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3(1, 1, 1), 2.5);  
171.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
172.     quadRotMT->setUpdateCallback(quadAnimationCallback);  
173.   
174.     osg::Geometry *quadGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
175.     osg::Vec3Array *quadVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
176.     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(QuadVertices); ++i)  
177.     {  
178.         quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(QuadVertices[i][0], QuadVertices[i][1], QuadVertices[i][2]));  
179.     }  
180.     quadGeometry->setVertexArray(quadVertexArray);  
181.   
182.     int first = 0;  
183.     for (unsigned i = 0; i < 6; ++i)  
184.     {  
185.         osg::DrawArrays *vertexIndices = new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, first, 4);  
186.         first += 4;  
187.         quadGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(vertexIndices);  
188.     }  
189.     //  
190.     //osg::DrawArrayLengths是一个PrimitiveSet,绑定颜色方式为BIND_PER_PRIMITIVE_SET  
191.     //会出失败，只能显示为一种颜色  
192.     //osg::DrawArrayLengths *v = new osg::DrawArrayLengths(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 0);  
193.     //for (unsigned i = 0; i < 6; ++i)  
194.     //{  
195.     //  v->push_back(4);  
196.     //}  
197.     //quadGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(v);  
198.       
199.     osg::Vec4Array *quadColorArray = new osg::Vec4Array;  
200.     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(QuadColors); ++i)  
201.     {  
202.         quadColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(QuadColors[i][0], QuadColors[i][1], QuadColors[i][2], 1.0f));  
203.     }  
204.     quadGeometry->setColorArray(quadColorArray);  
205.     quadGeometry->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_PER_PRIMITIVE_SET);  
206.   
207.     osg::Geode *quadGeode = new osg::Geode;  
208.     quadGeode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
209.     quadGeode->addDrawable(quadGeometry);  
210.     quadRotMT->addChild(quadGeode);  
211.     quadMT->addChild(quadRotMT);  
212.   
213.     root->addChild(triangleMT);  
214.     root->addChild(quadMT);  
215.   
216.     return root;  
217. }  
218.   
219.   
220.   
221. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
222. {  
223.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
224.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
225.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
226.     viewWidget->show();  
227.     return app.exec();  
228. }