THESEUS-FE | 公交客车与火车乘员舱热舒适性分析

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-20 19:36:23 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-20 19:36:23 发布

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分类专栏： THESEUS-FE 文章标签：汽车

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Be it busses, tramways, metro or passenger trains - THESEUS‑FE can be utilized to solve any thermal problems arising in and around public transportation vehicles.

THESEUS‑FE 仿真计算软件可以用来解决各种公共交通工具内外部的任何热问题，无论是公交客车、有轨电车、地铁，还是客运列车。

Application cases where THESEUS‑FE really shines are the thermal comfort assessment of passengers and analyzing energetic measures such as different glazing or heat insulation.

THESEUS‑FE 经典的应用案例之一是对乘员进行热舒适性评估，以及分析不同玻璃或隔热措施的真实效果。

THESEUS-FE 在公共交通领域的应用

Simulating the power of HVAC systems on summer or winter days with extreme climate conditions, so-called worst-case scenarios. Typical questions in this regard are:

在极端气候条件下模拟夏季或冬季空调系统的功率，即所谓的最恶劣情况，典型问题如下：

- How high does the volume flow and inlet temperature of the HVAC system need to be to maintain a comfortable temperature level in the whole passenger compartment or to reach it within a pre-defined period of time?

需要多大空调系统流量和入口温度才能维持整个乘员舱的舒适温度水平，或在既定时间内达到该温度水平?

- Is a homogeneous heating of the whole passenger cabin possible to guarantee an adequate comfort level on all seats?

是否能对整个乘员舱均匀升温，以确保所有座位都具有足够的舒适度？

Localization of thermal bridges in the passenger compartment

乘员舱热桥定位

- Where and why the highest heat flows arise

最高热流出现在何处，及其成因

- Comparison of different measures for local heat insulation

局部隔热措施的比较

Dimensioning of novel radiant heating panels as an alternative to classical HVAC concepts.

作为传统空调方案替代的新型辐射采暖板的尺寸设计
Calculation of possible energy savings to provide a basis for a cost-benefit analysis

计算可能节省的能源量，为成本效益分析提供依据
Comparison of different glazing variants regarding their energy efficiency in typical summer and winter load cases. These simulations usually consider wavelength-dependent transmission and absorption of glazings as well as time-dependent solar loads based on the relative movement of the sun.

在典型的夏季和冬季工况下，比较不同玻璃材料对能源效率的影响。这类模拟通常考虑玻璃对不同波长辐射的透射率和吸收率，以及一天中不同时间太阳相对运动时的日照负荷。

Cost-benefit analysis of full year simulations on various places on earth. Mathematical models for sun intensity and sun position as well as other environmental conditions are used in this case.

对地球上不同地方全年模拟的成本效益分析。以下案例中使用了日照强度、太阳位置和其他环境条件的数学模型。
Additional questions which can be answered by simulations with THESEUS‑FE are:

THESEUS‑FE 模拟还可以解答其他相关问题，如：

- Any risks for local moisture condensation in cavities of the cabin construction or within insulation bodies

乘员舱结构的空腔或隔热体内是否存在局部水汽凝结的风险

- Influence of engine waste heat on the climatization of the passenger compartment

发动机废热对乘员舱气候的影响

- Any hot areas with a potential risk of injury on the surfaces of the passenger cabin

乘员舱内表面是否存在可能的过热致损区域

案例：MAN A37公交客车-空调分析与对标

In a joint project with MAN, Volkswagen, and the University of Applied Sciences, Munich, we have developed a THESEUS‑FE model for predicting the HVAC performance of an MAN A37 City Bus. Our main focus was on the validation of the THESEUS‑FE model with an existing Excel-based tool developed by F. Artmeier at MAN Truck & Bus.

在与 MAN 汽车公司、大众汽车和慕尼黑应用科技大学的一个联合项目中，我们开发了用于预测 MAN A37 公交客车空调性能的 THESEUS‑FE 模型。我们的工作重点是运用在 MAN 客车公司的 F. Artmeier 先生开发的基于 Excel 的一种软件工具来验证 THESEUS‑FE 模型。

Project Description

项目说明

Aim of the project was to demonstrate the capabilities of THESEUS‑FE for simulating a bus air conditioning system. The main goal of the simulation was to derive the net power of the HVAC system needed to enforce a contant value of 20 °C cabin temperature.

该项目的目的是展示 THESEUS‑FE 模拟公交车空调系统的能力。模拟的主要目标是推导出保持20℃恒定乘员舱温所需的空调系统的净功率。

In a first step we validated the Finite Element results of THESEUS‑FE by comparing them with the results obtaining using an MAN in-house tool. The MAN tool, developed and tested by Mr. Felix Artmeier as part of his diploma thesis in 2012, considers energy balances for the bus cabin.

首先，我们通过将 THESEUS‑FE 的有限元结果与使用 MAN 汽车内部软件获得的结果进行比对，来验证有限元结果。Felix Artmeier 先生开发并测试的 MAN 汽车内部软件是他2012年硕士毕业论文的一部分，该软件考虑了公交车厢的能量平衡。

In a second step we demonstrated the advantage of employing THESEUS‑FE by creating an extended simulation model also capable of simulating passenger thermal comfort. Finally, we validated the THESEUS‑FE prediction of AC power using a Mollier diagram.

第二步，我们通过创建一个能够模拟乘员热舒适性的扩展的仿真模型，证明了采用THESEUS‑FE 的优势。最后我们用莫利尔图验证了 THESEUE-FE 对空调系统功率的预测。

Model setup and results

模型设置和计算结果

Warm conditions where less heat is transferred to the surroundings than is produced internally. The temperature of the human body rises. Ultimately, the human body reacts with sweating as a regulatory cooling mechanism.

在温暖的环境中，传递到环境中的热量比体内产生的热量少，人体温度上升。最终，人体通过出汗作为冷却调节机制反应。

THESEUS‑FE permits all kinds of thermal boundary conditions such as conduction, convection, and radiation. The overall intent of the simulation was to derive the net power of the HVAC system needed to enforce a constant value of 20 °C cabin temperature (Tcabin) typical climate conditions for a summer day in Germany.

THESEUS‑FE 适用各种热边界条件，如传导、对流和辐射。该模拟的总体意图是推导出在德国典型夏季气候条件下的保持20℃恒定乘员舱温度 (T-cabin) 所需的空调系统的净功率。

For the extended THESEUS‑FE model we added seats and additional heat sources such as passenger metabolism and engine heating.

为了进一步扩展 THESEUS‑FE 模型，我们添加了座椅和额外的热源，如乘客的代谢发热和发动机加热。

The project clearly demonstrated that THESEUS‑FE is a useful simulation tool in designing a bus AC system. Environmental conditions for any place on earth are easily integrated into the model. The results were more than satisfactory and confirm the role of THESEUS‑FE as an established and reliable tool in predicting vehicle cabin HVAC parameters.

该项目清楚地表明，THESEUS‑FE 是公交车空调系统设计中一款有效的仿真工具。地球上任何地方的环境条件都可以很容易地导入到模型中。本次验证结果令客户十分满意，同时证实了 THESEUS‑FE 是乘员舱空调系统参数预测的可靠工具。

注：更多技术与案例，请查看下方THESEUS-FE官网。

https://www.theseus-fe.com/zh/zh-application-areas/zh-transportation