第十五章编程练习

1.对Tv和Remote类做如下修改：
a.让它们互为友元；
b.在Remote类中添加一个状态变量成员，该成员描述遥控器是处于常规模式还是互动模式；
c.在Remote中添加一个显示模式的方法；
d.在Tv类中添加一个对Remote中新成员进行切换的方法，该方法应仅当Tv处于打开状态时才能进行。
编写一个小程序来测试这些特性。
实现：
tv.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>

class Tv
{
public:
	friend class Remote;

	enum { Off, On };
	enum { Minval, Maxval = 20 };
	enum { Antenna, Cable };
	enum { TV, DVD };

	Tv(int s = Off, int mc = 125) : state(s), volume(5), maxchannel(mc), channel(2), mode(Cable),input(TV){}
	void onoff() { state = (state == On) ? Off : On; }
	bool ison()const { return state == On; }
	bool volup();
	bool voldown();
	void chanup();
	void chandown();
	void set_mode() { mode = (mode == Antenna) ? Cable : Antenna; }
	void set_input() { input = (input == TV) ? DVD : TV; }
	void settings()const;

	void set_remote_mode(Remote& r);

private:
	int state;//on or off
	int volume;//
	int maxchannel;
	int channel;//current channel 
	int mode;//broadcast or cable
	int input;//TV or DVD
};

class Remote
{
private:
	enum{Normal, Interactive};
	int mode;//controls TV or DVD
	int remote_mode;//常规模式还是互动模式
public:
	friend class Tv;

	Remote(int m = Tv::TV, int rm = Normal) : mode(m), remote_mode(rm) {}
	bool volup(Tv& t) { return t.volup(); }
	bool voldowm(Tv& t) { return t.voldown(); }
	void onoff(Tv& t) { t.onoff(); }
	void chanup(Tv& t) { t.chanup(); }
	void chandown(Tv& t) { t.chandown(); }
	void set_chan(Tv& t, int c) { t.channel = c; }
	void set_mode(Tv& t) { t.set_mode(); }
	void set_input(Tv& t) { t.set_input(); }

	int show_remote_mode()const { return remote_mode; }
	void set_remote_mode();
};

tv.cpp

#include"tv.h"

bool Tv::volup()
{
	if (volume < Maxval)
	{
		volume++;
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}

}

bool Tv::voldown()
{
	if (volume > Minval)
	{
		volume--;
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}
}

void Tv::chanup()
{
	if (channel < maxchannel)
	{
		channel++;
	}
	else
	{
		channel = 1;
	}
}

void Tv::chandown()
{
	if (channel > 1)
	{
		channel--;
	}
	else
	{
		channel = maxchannel;
	}
}

void Tv::settings() const
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	cout << "TV is " << (state == Off ? "Off" : "On") << endl;
	if (state == On)
	{
		cout << "Volume setting = " << volume << endl;
		cout << "Channel setting = " << channel << endl;
		cout << "Mode = " << (mode == Antenna ? "antenna" : "cable") << endl;
		cout << "Input = " << (input == TV ? "TV" : "DVD") << endl;
	}
}

void Tv::set_remote_mode(Remote& r)
{
	if (state == On)
	{
		r.set_remote_mode();
	}
}

void Remote::set_remote_mode()
{
	remote_mode = (remote_mode == Normal) ? Interactive : Normal; 
}

2.修改程序清单15.11，使两种异常类型都是从头文件<stdexcept>提供的logic_error类派生出来的类。让每个what()方法都报告函数名和问题的性质。异常对象不用存储错误的参数值，而只需支持what()方法。
实现：
main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cmath>

using std::logic_error;//
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;


double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);

class bad_hmean : public logic_error
{
public:
	bad_hmean(const string& what_arg = "hmean, invalid arguments") : logic_error(what_arg){}
};

class bad_gmean : public logic_error
{
public:
	bad_gmean(const string& what_arg = "gmean, invalid arguments") : logic_error(what_arg) {}
};

int main(void)
{
	double x, y, z;
	cout << "Enter two numbers:";
	while (cin >> x >> y)
	{
		try
		{
			z = hmean(x, y);
			cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << z << endl;
			z = gmean(x, y);
			cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << z << endl;

		}
		catch (bad_hmean& bh)
		{
			cout << bh.what();
			cout << "Enter a new pair of arguments:";
			continue;
		}
		catch (bad_gmean& bg)
		{
			cout << bg.what();
			//cout << "Value used:" << bg.v1 << ", " << bg.v2 << endl;
			cout << "Sorry, quit now!" << endl;
			break;
		}
		cout << "Enter next set of numbers:";
	}


	return 0;
}

double hmean(double a, double b)
{
	if (a == -b)
	{
		throw bad_hmean();
	}
	return 2.0 * a * b / (a + b);
}

double gmean(double a, double b)
{
	if (a < 0 || b < 0)
	{
		throw bad_gmean();
	}
	return sqrt(a * b);
}

3.这个练习于编程练习2相同，但异常类是一个这样的基类派生而来的：它是从logic_error派生而来的，并存储两个参数值。异常类应该有一个这样的方法：报告这些值以及函数名。程序使用一个catch块来捕获基类异常，其中任何一种从该基类异常派生而来的异常都将导致循环结束。
实现：
main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cmath>

using std::logic_error;//
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);

class bad_mean : public logic_error
{
private:
	double v1;
	double v2;
public:
	bad_mean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const string& what_arg = "mean, invalid arguments") : v1(a), v2(b), logic_error(what_arg) {}
	virtual void show()const;
};

class bad_hmean : public bad_mean
{
public:
	bad_hmean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const string& what_arg = "hmean, invalid arguments"):bad_mean(a,b,what_arg){}
	void show()const;
};

class bad_gmean : public bad_mean
{
public:
	bad_gmean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const string& what_arg = "gmean, invalid arguments") :bad_mean(a, b, what_arg) {}
	void show()const;
};

void bad_mean::show() const
{
	cout << "v1 = " << v1 << ", v2 = " << v2 << endl;
}

void bad_hmean::show() const
{
	cout << what() << endl;
	bad_mean::show();
}

void bad_gmean::show() const
{
	cout << what() << endl;
	bad_mean::show();
}

int main(void)
{
	double x, y, z;
	cout << "Enter two numbers:";
	while (cin >> x >> y)
	{
		try
		{
			z = hmean(x, y);
			cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << z << endl;
			z = gmean(x, y);
			cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << z << endl;

		}
		catch(bad_mean &b)
		{
			if (typeid(bad_hmean) == typeid(b))
			{
				b.show();
				break;
			}

			if (typeid(bad_gmean) == typeid(b))
			{
				b.show();
				break;
			}
		}

		cout << "Enter next set of numbers:";
	}
	
	return 0;
}

double hmean(double a, double b)
{
	if (a == -b)
	{
		throw bad_hmean(a, b);
	}
	return 2.0 * a * b / (a + b);
}

double gmean(double a, double b)
{
	if (a < 0 || b < 0)
	{
		throw bad_gmean(a,b);
	}
	return sqrt(a * b);
}

4.程序清单15.16在每个try后面都使用两个catch块，以确保nbad_index异常导致方法label_val()被调用。请修改该程序，在每个try块后面只使用一个catch块，并使用RTTI来确保合适时调用label_val()。
实现：
main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "sales.h"

int main()
{
    double vals1[12] =
    {
        1220, 1100, 1122, 2212, 1232, 2334,
        2884, 2393, 3302, 2922, 3002, 3544
    };

    double vals2[12] =
    {
        12, 11, 22, 21, 32, 34,
        28, 29, 33, 29, 32, 35
    };

    Sales sales1(2011, vals1, 12);
    LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar", 2012, vals2, 12);

    cout << "First try block:\n";
    try
    {
        int i;
        cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl;
        for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
        {

            cout << sales1[i] << ' ';
            if (i % 6 == 5)
                cout << endl;
        }
        cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl;
        cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl;
        for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
        {
            cout << sales2[i] << ' ';
            if (i % 6 == 5)
                cout << endl;
        }
        cout << "End of try block 1.\n";
    }
    catch (Sales::bad_index &bad)
    {
        if (typeid(LabeledSales::nbad_index) == typeid(bad))
        {
            LabeledSales::nbad_index* p = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index*>(&bad);
            cout << bad.what();
            cout << "Company: "  <<  p->label_val() << endl;
            cout << "bad index: " << bad.bi_val() << endl;
        }

        if (typeid(Sales::bad_index) == typeid(bad))
        {
                cout << bad.what();
                cout << "bad index: " << bad.bi_val() << endl;
        }
    }

    cout << "\nNext try block:\n";
    try
    {
        sales2[2] = 37.5;
        sales1[20] = 23345;
        cout << "End of try block 2.\n";
    }
    catch (Sales::bad_index& bad)
    {
        if (typeid(LabeledSales::nbad_index) == typeid(bad))
        {
            LabeledSales::nbad_index* p = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index*>(&bad);
            cout << bad.what();
            cout << "Company: " << p->label_val() << endl;
            cout << "bad index: " << bad.bi_val() << endl;
        }

        if (typeid(Sales::bad_index) == typeid(bad))
        {
            cout << bad.what();
            cout << "bad index: " << bad.bi_val() << endl;
        }
    }
    cout << "done\n";

    return 0;
}