高一英语拓展词汇第一版

高一英语拓展词汇第一版

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前言

关于格式 ：CSDN不支持Typora的排版，可以查PDF版本(正在审核)。

资质证明 ：

老师是江苏省扬州中学英语骨干教师刘老师，作者本人扬州2024届中考英语 $149$ 分，高一两次大考均为 $138$ 分（作文写炸了QwQ），所以想提升英语的同学可以放心食用。

用途 ：

提升阅读理解和作文水平，主要收录了老师上课讲的拓展词汇及其相关用法，摘取了《牛津高阶词典》的例句，都是在做这两项题目的必备单词。

适用人群 ：

已经掌握必修一课内单词的同学，或者自行检验一下——仅根据给出的中文，能读懂例句大意的，说明这套词汇适合你背

使用方法 ：

1. 没有例句的单词，如果有短语，记住短语用法即可，如果没有那看到这个单词能认出来就行。

2. 给出例句的单词，根据单词意思，先自行理解例句，然后从例句中自行提取用法，背例句（因为只背单词不背例句等于没背）

3. 背诵之后自主默写！

A

abundant $adj.$ 大量的；充裕的 $\to$ $n.$ abundance

​ an abundance of

accumilation $n.$ 积累

​ Talent comes from diligence,and knowledge comes from accumilation.

​ an accumilation of toxic(有毒的) chemicals

acne $u.n.$ 痤疮；粉刺

​ suffer from acne

acquire knowledge learn knowledge

addiction $u.n./c.n.$ 瘾

​ He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol.

​ be addicted to…

address address oneself to $\approx$ turn sb’s hand at doing 着手做

​ We must address ourselves to the problem of declining birth rate.

administrative $adj.$ 管理的；行政的

​ an administrative job

admit be admitted into 被…录取

adolescence $n.$ 青春期

adopt $v.$ 收养；采取；正是通过；承袭；采取(行为方式)

​ All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.

​ The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.

​ He adopted an air of indifference.

alternative $n.$ 可选择的事物 $adj.$ 可供替代的；非传统的

​ We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.

​ Do you have an alternative solution?

​ alternative energy

ambiguous $adj.$ 模棱两可的

ambitious $adj.$ 有雄心的

appetite $u.n./c.n.$ 食欲 $c.n.$ 强烈愿望

​ Don’t spoil your appetite by eating between meals.

​ The preview was intended to whet your appetite(吊你胃口).

apply apply oneself to 全身心投入

arise $vi.$ 出现；站起身

​ A new crisis has arisen.

arguably $adv.$ 按理

​ He is arguably the best actor of his generation.

arouse $vt.$ 引起；激起

​ arouse sb’s interest/curiosity/anger

assignment $n.$ 任务；工作；分派，布置

​ one of our reporters on assignment in China

​ his assignment to other duties in the same company

​ I had set myself a tough assignment.

assumption $n.$ 假设

​ We need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of Western philosophy.

attempt $c.n./u.n.$ 企图；尝试 $v.$ 努力；尝试

attempted $adj.$ 未遂的

​ Two factories are closed in attempt to cut costs.

​ The prisoners attempted an escape,but failed.

​ I will attempt to answer all your questions.

​ attempted rape/murder/robbery

authority $n.$ 权威；权力；专家，泰斗

​ She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.

​ She’s an authority on criminal law.

awe $u.n.$ 敬畏；惊叹 $v.$ 使敬畏；使惊叹

​ He speaks of her with awe.

​ She seemed awed by the presence of so many famous people.

B

blend $vt.$ 混合；协调

​ Blend the flour with milk to make a smooth paste.

​ Oil doesn’t blend with the water.

​ Their music blends traditional and modern styles.

boost $v.$ 使兴旺；增长 $n.$ 帮助；激励；提高；向上一推

​ Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego(信心).

​ The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy.

​ He gave her a boost over the fence.

bring about $v.$ 导致；引起

​ Challenge brings about opportunity.

C

candidate $n.$ 候选人；申请者；应试者

​ one of the leading candidates for presidency

​ a candidate for the degree of…

care out 留出

​ care out time

catalyst $n.$ 催化剂

​ I see my role as a catalyst for change.

catch catch up on… 交换关于…的信息

category $c.n.$ 类别；种类

​ The results can be divided into three main category.

centre be centred around $=$ be focused on

ceremony $n.$ 典礼；礼节；礼貌

​ a wedding/marriage ceremony

​ Please don’t stand on ceremony with me.(=Please be natural and relaxed.)

chaos $u.n.$ 混乱

​ The house was in chaos after the party.

circumstance $n.\approx$ situation

​ under no circumstance $\approx$ by no means $\approx$ in no condition $\approx$ at no time $\approx$ on no account

climax $n.$ 顶点；高潮 $v.$ 达成极点

​ the climax of his political career

cognition $n.$ 认知 $\to adj.$ cognitive

​ a child’s cognitive development

coherence $n.$ 连贯性，条理性 $\leftrightarrow$ incoherence

​ The points you make are fine,but the essay lacks coherence.

compatible be compatible with 兼容的；(因思想、志趣等相投)关系好的

compensate $vi./vt.$ 补偿

​ Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one.

​ compensate sth for sb

compete for 占据

​ compete for time

component $n.$ 组成部分；成分

​ Trust is a vital(重要的) component in any relationship.

concerning $prep.$ $\approx$ about $\approx$ regarding

conquer $v.$ 占领；攻克；征服；克服

​ The Normans conquered England in 1066.

​ The world champion conquered yet another challenger last night.

contemporary $adj.$ 同一时期的；当代的；现代的 $n.$ 同代人；同龄人

​ We have no contemporary account(描述) of the battle.

​ He was contemporary with the dramatist.

​ contemporary fiction/music

​ She and I were contemporaries at college.

contrast $n.$ 对比；差异

​ In/By contract,Western parents worry more about their children’s self-esteem(自尊).

cope $v.$ 对付，处理 $n.$ 斗篷式祭衣

​ He wasn’t able to cope with the stresses and strains of the job.

corporate $定语adj.$ 公司的；法人的

​ corporate identity 公司形象

​ The BBC is a corporate body.

cosmetic $n.$ 化妆品；装门面的；整容的

​ These reforms(改革) are not merely cosmetic.

​ She dismissed the plan as a cosmetic exercise to win votes.

​ cosmetic dental work 整牙

​ cosmetic surgery 整容手术

counsellor n. 辅导顾问

​ a marriage guidance counsellor

courtship $c.n./u.n.$ 求爱期；追求 $u.n.$ 求偶；招商

​ They married after a short courtship.

​ the company’s courtship by the government (政府对这家公司的献媚)

credit $n.$ 信用；学分 $v.$ 归功于

​ To his credit(值得赞扬的是),Jack never told anyone exactly what happened.

cruel $adj.$ 残暴的

​ Sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind. $=$ make sb suffer because it will be good for them

crucial $adj.$ 至关重要的

​ Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.

cultivate $vt.$ 逐渐形成；种植；栽培；建立（友谊）

​ cultivate good habits/good relations with

D

dawn $vi.$ 破晓；被理解 $c.n./u.n.$ 黎明 $u.n.$ 开端；萌芽

​ A realization began to dawn on me (that) I had failed.

​ It dawned on sb that…

demand $c.n.$ 要求；需求 $v.$ 要求

​ Flying makes enormous demands on pilots.

​ There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days.

​ The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.

​ be in demand 受欢迎

demonstrate $v.$ 证明；演示；示范；游行示威

demonstrator $n.$ 示威者

​ The demonstrators have now made a direct challenge to the authority of the government.

depart from $\approx$ leave

​ get to the airport you’re departing from

dictation $u.n.$ 口述 $c.n/u.n$ 听写

dilemma $n.$ 困境；窘境

​ be in a dilemma

diligence $n.$ 勤奋

​ She shows great diligence in her schoolwork.

dismiss $v.$ 对···不予考虑，不屑一提；摒除；解雇；解散；不受理，驳回

​ He dismissed the opinion polls as worthless.’

​ Dismissing her fears,she climbed higher.

​ She claims that she was unfairly dismissed from her post.

​ At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.

​ The case was dismissed.

distinctive $adj.$ 独特的

​ clothes with a distinctive style

distinguish $vi./vt.$ 分清；使有别于；看清，认出，听出；使出众

​ At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong.

​ What was it that distinguished her from her classmates.

​ She has distinguished herself as an athlete.

diverse $adj.$ 不同的；形形色色的

​ My interests are very diverse.

domestic $adj.$ 本国的；国内的；家用的，家庭的；驯养的

​ domestic affairs/politics

​ domestic chores(琐事)

dormitory $n.$ 宿舍

​ dormitory town 郊外住宅区

draw on/upon $\approx$ make use of

​ draw on the lessons I have learned from my previous missteps

​ draw on her wealth of experience

due $adj.$ 由于；预期；到期；适当的

​ When’s the baby due?

​ Payment is due on 1${}^{st}$ October.

​ He was charged with driving without due care and attention.

dull $adj.$ 乏味的；无光泽的；阴沉的(天气)；(声音/疼痛)隐约的；愚笨的；萧条的

​ $v.$ (痛/感情)减轻；使迟钝；使失去光泽

​ There’s a never a dull moment when John’s around.

​ a dull ache/pain

​ The tablets the gave him dulled the pain for a while.

​ His eyes dulled and he slumpted to the ground.

E

eagerly $adv.$ 急切地

emerge $vi.$ 出现；显现 $vi./vt.$ 露出真相

​ She finally emerged from her room at noon.

​ It emerged that(事已清楚) the company was going to be sold.

​ the emerging markets of South Asia.

engage sb in (doing) sth $\approx$ throw sb in…

​ He determined to engage himself in learning.

engaging $\approx$ appealing $adj.$ 吸引人的

entire $adj.$ 全部的；整个的；完全的

​ I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense.

essay $n.$ 文章；短文

​ an essay on the case of the First World War

essential $adj.$ 必不可少的；极其重要的；本质的，根本的

​ The museum is closed while essential repairs are carried out.

​ The essential difference between Sara and me is in our attitude to money.

extensive $adj.$ 广阔的；大量的；广泛的；广博的

​ The house has an extensive grounds.

​ She suffered extensive injuries in the accident.

​ Extensive research has been done into this disease.

​ His knowledge of music is extensive.

external $adj$ 外在的 syn: internal

extracts $n.$ make extracts 做摘抄

F

favorable $adj.$ 给人好印象的；支持的；有利的

​ She made a favorable impression on his parents.

​ favorable comments/perceptions

​ The terms of the agreement are favorable to both sides.

fellow $adj.$ 同一组织的；同类的

​ fellow workers

​ my fellow passengers on the same train

firm $n.$ 公司；事务所 $adj.$ 坚固的，确定的，坚定的

​ a firm of accountants

​ Bake the cakes until they are firm to touch.

​ firm beliefs/principles(原则) a firm believer in socialism

frustration $u.n.$ 懊恼；沮丧；受挫 $\text{复数 }n.$ 令人沮丧的事

​ She couldn’t stand the frustration of not being able to help.

​ the frustration of all his ambitions

futile $adj.$ 徒劳的；无效的

​ Their efforts to revive(使复苏) him are futile.

​ It would be futile to protest(抗议).

G

genre $n.$ 体裁

grasp $v.$ 抓紧；明白；抓住(机会) $n.$ 握紧；理解(力)；能力所及

​ Kay grasped him by the wrist.

​ They failed to grasp the importance of his words.

​ I grasped the opportunity to work abroad.

​ have a good grasp of / beyond one’s grasp

​ Success was within her grasp.

H

handouts $n.$ 讲义

hint $n.$ 暗示；征兆；少量；窍门 $v.$ 暗示

​ He gave a broad hint that he was thinking of retiring.

​ At the first hint of trouble,they left.

​ There was more than a hint of sadness in his voice.

I

identify $v.$ 确认；鉴定；发现；说明身份；认同(~with…)

​ The bodies were identified as those of two suspect drug dealers.

​ Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer.

​ In many cases,the clothes people wear identify them as belonging to a particular social class.

illustrate $v.$ 加插图于；说明；表明

​ His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition(远征；探险)

​ To illustrate my point,let me tell you a little story.

​ The incident(事件) illustrates the need for better security measures.

implant $vt.$ 灌输；植入 (~sth in/into sth) $n.$ 植入物

​ Prejudices can easily become implanted in the mind.

​ an electrode(电极) implanted into the brain

inborn $adj.$ 天生的

incredibly $adv.$ 极其；令人难以置信

​ Incredibly,she had no idea what was going on.

inferior $adj.$ 较差的；级别较低的 $\leftrightarrow$ superior

​ Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.

​ an inferior officer

innocent $adj.$ 无辜的；纯真的

​ They have imprisioned an innocent man.

innovative $adj.$ 创新的

​ There will be a prize for the most innovative design.

instance $n.$ 实例

​ What would you do,for instance,if you found a member of staff stealing?

​ In the first instance,notify the police and then contact your insurance company.

instruct $v.$ 指示；命令；传授；通知；委托（律师）

​ She arrived at 10 o’clock as instructed.

​ All our stuff have been instructed in sign language.

​ We have been instructed that a decision won’t be made before the end of the week.

integrity $n.$ 诚实正直；完整

​ personal integrity

​ respect the territorial(领土的) integrity

intensive $adj.$ 短时间内集中进行的；彻底的；十分细致的；集约的

​ two weeks of intensive training

​ His disappearance has been the subject of intensive investigation.

interfere $vi.$ 干涉；介入

​ I wish my mom stop interfering and let me make my own decision.

​ The police are very unwilling to interfere in family problems.

invert $v.$ （使）倒转

​ Place a plate over the cake tin and invert it.

J

joint $adj.$ 联合的，共同的

​ The report was a joint effort.

L

large at large 总地 $\approx$ in general；详细地 $\approx$ in detail；未被捕获的

​ the opinion of the public at large

​ Her killer is still at large.

lay-off $n.$ 遣散；歇工期 （去掉连字符为动词）

​ an eight-week lay-off with a broken leg.

​ The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort/attempt to save money.

lay out 展开；公开

​ lay out in text or video what a typical day in the role would look like

literally $adv.$ 字面上；确实地；简直

​ There are literally hundreds of prizes to win.

​ I literally jumped out of my skin. 我简直吓了一大跳。

look back on $\approx$ reflect on

luggage $\approx$ baggage $u.n.$ 包裹

M

make sense of $\approx$ understand

​ I realized I couldn’t seem to make sense of the questions before me.

mature $adj.$ 明白事理的；成熟的；发育完全的；酿成的；不再年轻的

​ Jane is very mature for her age.

​ sexually mature

​ a man of mature years

mercy be at the mercy of 受…控制

metaphor $n.$ 暗语；隐喻

​ the writer’s striking(独到的) use of metaphor

mindset $n.$ 观念模式；思维倾向

​ a conservative(保守的) mindset

monk $n.$ 僧侣；修道士

motto $n.$ 座右铭；格言

​ The school’s motto is ‘Duty,Honor,Country’.

N

native $adj.$ 出生地的；本地的；土著的；原产于某地的 $n.$ 本地人/植物/动物；土著人

​ It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile(智利).

​ native peoples

​ The kangaroo is a native of Australia.

navigate $v.$ 导航；确定方位；横渡；正确处理

​ I’ll drive and you can navigate.

​ The river become too narrow and shallow to navigate.

necessity $c.n.$ 必需品 $u.n.$ 必然；必要

​ Many people cannot even afford basic necessities such as food and clothing.

​ There had never been any necessity for her to go out to work.

nevertheless $adv.$ 尽管如此；不过；然而

​ Our defeat was expected but it was disappointing nevertheless.

nightmare $n.$ 噩梦

O

obstacle $n.$ 障碍

​ A lack of qualification(资历) can be a major obstacle to finding a job.

obtain $vt.$ 获得；赢得 $vi.$ 存在；沿袭

​ obtain advice/information/permission

​ These conditions no longer obtain.

occational $adj.=$ from time to time

occur It occured to sb. that… 某人想起

​ It occured to me that I had to step out of my comfort zone if I wanted to follow my dreams.

only only to do (作结果状语)出乎意料地

​ She turned up the driveway,only to find her way blocked.

opponent $n.$ 对手，竞争者；反对者

​ a political opponent

​ opponents of the regime (堕胎)

orient $v.$ 确定方向；使适应；适应

​ Our students are oriented towards science subjects.

​ The mountaineers are hard to orient themselves in the fog.

​ It took him some time to orient himself in the new school.

outing $c.n.$ 远足

​ We went on an outing to London.

overlook $=$ ignore

P

panic $n.$ 惊恐 $vi./vt.$ (使)惊慌 (panicked)

​ There’s no point in getting into a panic about the exams.

​ I panicked when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.

​ The gunfire panicked the horses.

paradox $c.n.$ 矛盾的人或事 $c.n./u.n.$ 悖论

​ It is a curious paradox that the professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.

parallel $c.n.$ 相似特征；纬线 $adj.$ 平行的

​ have parallels in

​ parallel lines

​ parallel structures=parallelism

passage $n.$ 通道；走廊($=$ corridor)；章节；乐段；(时间的)推移

​ A dark narrow passage/corridor led to the main hall.

​ Read the passage and answer the question below.

​ Her confidence grew with the passage of time.

performance $n.$ 业绩

phenomenon ($pl.$ phenomena) $n.$ 现象

​ Globalization is a phenomenon of the 21${}^{th}$ century.

possess $v.$ (formal)拥有；具有(特质)；使言行失常

​ The gallery possesses a number of the artist’s early works.

​ I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humor.

​ What possessed him to say such a thing.

press $v.$ 逼迫

prioritize $v.$ 划分优先顺序；优先处理

​ You should make a list of all the jobs you have to do and prioritize them.

​ The organization was forced to prioritize the needs of older people.

proficiency $n.$ 水平

​ a high level of oral proficiency in English

prospect $n.$ 可能性；前景；有望获胜者；风景 $v.$ 探矿

​ There is no immediate prospect of peace.

​ The prospect of becoming a father filled him with alarm.

pursuit $u.n.$ 追求；追赶 $c.n.$ 爱好(常用复数)

​ She travelled the world in pursuit of her dreams.

​ We drove away with two police cars in pursuit.

​ leisure pursuits 休闲爱好

Q

quot $vt.$ 引用 $\to c.n.$ quotation

​ The book began with a quotation from Goethe.

R

refer refer to 指的是；参考

remarkable $adj.$ 非凡的；奇异的；引人注目的

​ The area is remarkable for its scenery.

resident $n.$ 居民；房客

​ There were confrontations(冲突) between local residents and the police.

resolution $c.n.$ 决议；决心 $u.n.$ (问题/分歧的)消除；坚定；分辨率

​ Have you made any New Year’s resolutions(新年flag)?

​ She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often.

​ pass/adopt/carry a resolution 通过一项决议

resort resort to 求助于

resourceful $adj.$ 机智的；足智多谋的；随机应变的

restrict $v.$ 限制；束缚；妨碍

​ Speed is restricted to 30mph in towns.

​ Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.

​ Access to the club is restricted to members only.

​ I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.

reveal $v.$ 揭示；透露；显示；展示

​ reveal sth to sb

​ It is revealed that…

​ The door opened to reveal a cosy little room.

rhetorical $adj.$ 反问的，诘问的

​ It was a rhetorical question.

​ rhetorical devices 修辞手法

S

scope $n.$ 范围 scope of knowledge

sequence $c.n.$ 一系列；一连串；顺序，次序

​ He described the sequence of events leading up to(在···前发生) the robbery.

​ The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.

shed-shed-shed $n.$ 工棚；库房 $v.$ 去除；使落下；把光照到…上

​ a bicycle shed

​ The factory is shedding a large number of jobs.

​ A duck’s feathers shed water immediately.

​ The candles shed a soft glow(烛光) on her face.

shot give sth a shot 尝试

shuttle $n.$ 接驳车

​ a free speedy shuttle to and from airport terminals

sort be some sort/kind of… 似乎是…

status $n.$ 法律地位；地位；身份；职位；状况；情形

​ They were granted(法律用语:同意，允许) refugee(难民) status.

​ low status job

​ What is the current status of our application for funds?

stimulate $v.$ 激发 $\approx$ spark $\approx$ ignite

stimulation $n.$ 刺激

​ Many employees enjoy the mental stimulation of a challenging job.

straight for+时间段+straight 持续…时间

​ Every day for five months straight,he would hike for two hours.

strike a balance between A and B 找到折中办法；平衡

subject be subject to 遭受

​ On test days,many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible

​ and unusual punishment.

syllabus $n.$ 教学大纲

T

tendency $n.$ 趋势

​ the tendency to turnover(歪曲) the truth negatively

tense $adj.$ (精神/形势)紧张的 $n.$ 时态 $v.$ 拉紧；绷紧

​ He’s a very tense person.

​ The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense.

​ His muscles tensed as he got ready to run.

term in terms of 在…方面

thermal $adj.$ 热的，热量的；保暖的；(水)温热的 $n.$ 上升热气流

​ thermal energy

​ thermal springs

thrilling $\approx$ exciting

transcript $n.$ 抄本；打印本；成绩单

​ a transcript of the interview

transference $n.$ 迁移

​ the transference of heat from the liquid to the container

transition $c.n/u.n./vi./vt.$ 过渡；转变；变迁

​ the transition from school to full-time work

​ They decided to transition the farm to organic.

troops $n.$ 军队，部队

​ They announced the withdrawal ( $u.n.$ 撤走，收回 ) of 12000 troops from the area.

U

urge $v.$ 敦促；大力推荐；驱赶 $n.$ 冲动

​ The report urged that all children be taught to swim.

​ The situation is dangerous and the UN urged caution.

​ He urged his horse forward.

​ I had a sudden urge to hit him.

usage $n.$ 用法，惯用法；使用；利用率

​ It’s not a word in common usage.

​ Car usage is predicted to increase.

V

variety a wide variety of 各种各样的

vice versa

​ You can cruise(乘船游览) from Cairo to Aswan or vice versa.

villain $n.$ 反派；恶棍

​ He often plays the part of the villain.

​ Industrialized nations are the real environment villains.

vulnerable $adj.$ (身体/情感)脆弱的

​ In cases of food poisoning,young child are especially vulnerable.

W

wealth a wealth of 大量的

weigh weigh up 权衡