Computer Network (7) - Physical Layer of OSI

物理层 Physical

Physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for:

1. Activating the physical link between end systems
2. Maintaining the physical link between end systems
3. Deactivating the physical link between end systems

It deals with:

• Voltage levels
• Timing of voltage signals
• Physical data rates
• Maximum transmission distances
• Physical connectors

1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

2. Transmission Media

2.1. Twisted Pair

2.2. Coaxial cable (1Gbps over 1km)

2.3. Power Lines

2.4. Fibre Optics (100s of Gbps over 100s of kilometers)

2.5. Radio Transmission

2.6. Satellites

2.7. GSM—The Global System for Mobile Communications

3. Transmission Methods

3.1. Simplex v duplex

3.2. Multiplexing

3.3. Bit encoding

3.3.1. Return-to-zero

3.3.2. Manchester

3.3.3. NRZI