目录
环境
- Python：3.6.5 OpenCV 4.1.2
- C++：OpenCV 4.1.2
- JS：OpenCV 4.5.0
环境搭建可参考：B站视频
知识点
像素值统计
- 最小(min)
- 最大(max)
- 均值(mean)
- 标准方差(standard deviation)
相关API
- 最大最小值minMaxLoc
minMaxLoc() 函数要求输入图像必须是 CV_8UC1 类型的，否则会报错。
- 计算均值与标准方差meanStdDev
meanStdDev(Mat src, MatOfDouble mean, MatOfDouble stddev)- src 表示输入 Mat 图像
- mean 表示计算出各个通道的均值,数组长度与通道数目一致
- stddev 表示计算出各个通道的标准方差，数组长度与通道数目一致
C++代码
#ifndef DAY10
#define DAY10
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
void day10() {
// 读取一张灰度图像
Mat src_gray = imread("E:\\_Image\\OpenCVTest\\girl.jpg", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
if (src_gray.empty()) {
cout << "could not load image.." << endl;
return;
}
imshow("src_gray", src_gray);
if (src_gray.type() == CV_8UC1) {
double minVal = 0, maxVal = 0;
Point minLoc, maxLoc;
minMaxLoc(src_gray, &minVal, &maxVal, &minLoc, &maxLoc, Mat());
printf("min: %.2f, max: %.2f\n", minVal, maxVal);
printf("min loc: (%d, %d)\n", minLoc.x, minLoc.y);
printf("max loc: (%d, %d)\n", maxLoc.x, maxLoc.y);
}
else {
cout << "not gray image.." << endl;
}
// 读取一张三通道彩色图像，获得它的均值和方差
Mat src_color = imread("E:\\_Image\\OpenCVTest\\girl.jpg");
if (src_color.empty()) {
cout << "could not load image.." << endl;
return;
}
imshow("src_color", src_color);
Mat mean, stddev;
meanStdDev(src_color, mean, stddev);
printf("blue channel -> mean: %.2f, stddev: %2f\n", mean.at<double>(0, 0), stddev.at<double>(0, 0));
printf("green channel -> mean: %.2f, stddev: %2f\n", mean.at<double>(1, 0), stddev.at<double>(1, 0));
printf("red channel -> mean: %.2f, stddev: %2f\n", mean.at<double>(2, 0), stddev.at<double>(2, 0));
// 根据图像的均值将彩色图像转换为二值图像
for (int row = 0; row < src_color.rows; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < src_color.cols; col++) {
Vec3b bgr = src_color.at<Vec3b>(row, col);
bgr[0] = bgr[0] < mean.at<double>(0, 0) ? 0 : 255;
bgr[1] = bgr[1] < mean.at<double>(1, 0) ? 0 : 255;
bgr[2] = bgr[2] < mean.at<double>(2, 0) ? 0 : 255;
src_color.at<Vec3b>(row, col) = bgr;
}
}
imshow("binary", src_color);
waitKey(0);
}
#endif // !DAY10
Python代码
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
# 查看版本
print(cv.__version__)
# 读取和显示图像
src = cv.imread("E:/_Image/OpenCVTest/girl.jpg", cv.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
cv.imshow("src", src)
# 获取灰度图的极值及位置
mmin, mmax, minLoc, maxLoc = cv.minMaxLoc(src)
print("min: %.2f, max: %.2f" % (mmin, mmax))
print("minLoc: ", minLoc)
print("maxLoc: ", maxLoc)
# 获取灰度图的均值和方差
means, stddev = cv.meanStdDev(src)
print("means: %.2f, stddev: %.2f" % (means, stddev))
src[np.where(src < means)] = 0
src[np.where(src > means)] = 255
cv.imshow("binary", src)
## 彩色图像二值化
src = cv.imread("E:/_Image/OpenCVTest/girl.jpg")
cv.imshow("color", src)
h, w, ch = src.shape
means, stddev = cv.meanStdDev(src)
print("blue channel -> means: %.2f, stddev: %.2f" % (means[0], stddev[0]))
print("green channel -> means: %.2f, stddev: %.2f" % (means[1], stddev[1]))
print("red channel -> means: %.2f, stddev: %.2f" % (means[2], stddev[2]))
print("h, w, ch", h, w, ch)
for row in range(h):
for col in range(w):
b, g, r = src[row, col]
b = 0 if b < means[0] else 255
g = 0 if g < means[1] else 255
r = 0 if r < means[2] else 255
src[row, col] = [b, g, r]
cv.imshow("color_binary", src)
# 等待键盘输入，释放内存
cv.waitKey()
cv.destroyAllWindows()JS代码
<template>
<div>
<p>图像像素值统计</p>
<p id="status">OpenCV.js is loading...</p>
<div class="inputoutput">
<img id="imageSrc" src="imgs/girl.jpg" />
</div>
<div class="inputoutput">
<canvas id="canvasOutput"></canvas>
<div class="caption">canvasOutput</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "day10",
mounted() {
this.init();
},
destoryed() {},
data() {
return {
mats: [],
};
},
methods: {
init() {
setTimeout(() => {
if (window.cv) {
this.onOpenCvReady(window.cv);
} else {
this.init();
}
}, 500);
},
onOpenCvReady(cv) {
document.getElementById("status").innerHTML = "OpenCV.js is ready.";
// 官方文档链接：
// 读取图像
let src = this.createMat(cv, 1, { name: "imageSrc" });
// 转化到 gray 色彩空间
let gray = this.createMat(cv, 2);
cv.cvtColor(src, gray, cv.COLOR_RGBA2GRAY);
// 计算灰度图的极值和位置
// 和 C++，Python 程序运行的结果不一致，感到很奇怪
if (gray.type() === cv.CV_8UC1) {
let ret = cv.minMaxLoc(gray);
console.log(ret);
}
// 计算彩色图的均值和方差
let bgr = this.createMat(cv, 2);
cv.cvtColor(src, bgr, cv.COLOR_RGBA2BGR);
let means = this.createMat(cv, 2);
let stddev = this.createMat(cv, 2);
cv.meanStdDev(bgr, means, stddev);
// this.showImgInfo(means)
// this.showImgInfo(stddev)
// 和 C++，Python 程序运行的结果不一致，感到很奇怪
console.log(`blue channel -> mean: ${means.ucharAt(0, 0)}, stddev: ${stddev.ucharAt(0, 0)}`);
console.log(`green channel -> mean: ${means.ucharAt(1, 0)}, stddev: ${stddev.ucharAt(1, 0)}`);
console.log(`red channel -> mean: ${means.ucharAt(2, 0)}, stddev: ${stddev.ucharAt(2, 0)}`);
// 显示图像
cv.imshow("canvasOutput", gray);
// 销毁所有 mat
this.destoryAllMats();
},
createMat(cv, type, ops) {
switch (type) {
case 1:
if (ops && ops.name) {
let mat = cv.imread(ops.name);
this.mats.push(mat);
return mat;
}
break;
case 2: {
let mat = new cv.Mat();
this.mats.push(mat);
return mat;
}
case 3:
if (ops && ops.rows && ops.cols && ops.type && ops.initValue) {
let mat = new cv.Mat(ops.rows, ops.cols, ops.type, ops.initValue);
this.mats.push(mat);
return mat;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
},
showImgInfo(src) {
console.log("img size :", src.size());
console.log("img type :", src.type());
console.log("img cols :", src.cols);
console.log("img rows :", src.rows);
console.log("img depth:", src.depth());
console.log("img channels:", src.channels());
},
destoryAllMats() {
let i = 0;
this.mats.forEach((item) => {
item.delete();
i++;
});
console.log("销毁图象数：", i);
},
},
};
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
</style>补充说明：我并没有在官方文档中找到这次的 js 版本的 API 说明。更显奇怪的是，js 的统计结果和 c++ 还有 Python 的统计结果是不一致的，但 c++ 和 python 的结果是一致的，如果有小伙伴知道原因，欢迎私信我或给我留言。
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