【数值分析】python简单实现牛顿插值

用python进行计算的过程中，计算精度会受到略微影响，但总体插值效果较好。对比拉格朗日插值，牛顿插值编程实现较简单。牛顿插值介绍见：牛顿插值-百度百科

一、代码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = [0.4, 0.55, 0.65, 0.8, 0.9, 1.05]
y = [0.41075, 0.57815, 0.69675, 0.88811, 1.02652, 1.25382]
xi_list = np.arange(0.4, 1, 0.02)
num = 5  # 均差阶数

mean_diff = y[:]  # 将值赋给另一个列表，不能直接等于
mean_list = []

for j in range(num):  # 迭代计算num次均差
    for i in range(len(x) - j - 1):
        mean_diff.append((mean_diff[i + 1] - mean_diff[i]) / (x[i + j + 1] - x[i]))
    mean_diff = mean_diff[len(x) - j:]  # j+1次均差
    mean_list.append(mean_diff[0])  # 方便计算，将各阶均差第一个值保存

f_list = []
for xi in xi_list:
    pam = 1
    pami = []
    f = 0
    for i in range(num):
        pam *= xi - x[i]
        pami.append(pam)
        f += mean_list[i] * pami[i]
    f += y[0]  # 插值
    f_list.append(f)

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.plot(x, y, label='原值')
plt.scatter(xi_list, f_list, label='插值点', s=5, c='r')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

二、插值效果

选取了给定范围内的若干点，插值效果较好。