python理解全局变量的好例子：山姆抽牌。

规则很简单，就是一副牌，两人各抽4张。

import random
print("Sam's Casino")
cards = ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K']
random.shuffle(cards)
print(cards)
hand1 = []
hand2 = []
count = 0

def deal(cards): 
    for card in cards:
        if count < 4:
            hand1.append(card)
            count += 1
            
        if count > 3 and count < 8:
            hand2.append(card)
            count += 1
           
deal(cards)
print('hand1',hand1)
print('hand2',hand2)
input('>')
 

UnboundLocalError: local variable 'count' referenced before assignment

很多人肯定很奇怪，大家都是全局变量，为什么hand1,hand2 没问题，count就有问题呢？原因很简单，hand1和hand2没有被引用，而是被赋值。

import random
print("Sam's Casino")
cards = ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J',
'Q','K']
random.shuffle(cards)
print(cards)
hand1 = []
hand2 = []
count = 0

def deal(cards): 
    global count
    for card in cards:
        if count < 4:
            hand1.append(card)
            count += 1
            
        if count > 3 and count < 8:
            hand2.append(card)
            count += 1
           
deal(cards)
print('hand1',hand1)
print('hand2',hand2)
input('>')

输出

这才改写了count，否则for循环内部处理是局部变量，全局和其他函数都无关。但是光声明也不行，如果删掉count = 0 只保留global count, 那么

NameError: name 'count' is not defined