对IntermediateLayerGetter的理解

return_layers = {'layer4': 'out'}
    if aux:
        return_layers['layer3'] = 'aux'
    backbone = IntermediateLayerGetter(backbone, return_layers=return_layers)

在研究Deeplab v3时过一遍代码，对IntermediateLayerGetter不是很理解。阅读了博文和Debug了一下才彻底理解，主要作用就是实例化的时候传入

return_layers = {'layer4': 'out'}

然后重新构建模型，把return_layers之后的模型都删掉，保留return_layers之前的模型。在正向传播时返回return_layers具体层的输出特征，以有序字典的形式返回！

class IntermediateLayerGetter(nn.ModuleDict):
    """
    Module wrapper that returns intermediate layers from a model

    It has a strong assumption that the modules have been registered
    into the model in the same order as they are used.
    This means that one should **not** reuse the same nn.Module
    twice in the forward if you want this to work.

    Additionally, it is only able to query submodules that are directly
    assigned to the model. So if `model` is passed, `model.feature1` can
    be returned, but not `model.feature1.layer2`.

    Args:
        model (nn.Module): model on which we will extract the features
        return_layers (Dict[name, new_name]): a dict containing the names
            of the modules for which the activations will be returned as
            the key of the dict, and the value of the dict is the name
            of the returned activation (which the user can specify).
    """
    _version = 2
    __annotations__ = {
        "return_layers": Dict[str, str],
    }

    def __init__(self, model: nn.Module, return_layers: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
        if not set(return_layers).issubset([name for name, _ in model.named_children()]):
            raise ValueError("return_layers are not present in model")
        orig_return_layers = return_layers
        return_layers = {str(k): str(v) for k, v in return_layers.items()}

        # 重新构建backbone，将没有使用到的模块全部删掉 Delete the blocks after the Dic{return_layers}!
        layers = OrderedDict()
        for name, module in model.named_children():
            layers[name] = module
            if name in return_layers:
                del return_layers[name]
            if not return_layers:
                break

        super(IntermediateLayerGetter, self).__init__(layers)
        self.return_layers = orig_return_layers

    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Dict[str, Tensor]:
        out = OrderedDict()
        for name, module in self.items():
            x = module(x)
            if name in self.return_layers:
                out_name = self.return_layers[name]
                out[out_name] = x
        return out