剑指offer中一些有关数组和字符串操作的代码实现和扩充

本文主要介绍剑指offer中一些有关数组和字符串操作的C语言代码实现和扩充。

#include "vector"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;

//******************--求指针数组的长度--*********************
int main31()
{
	char *p[]={"zsxdzx","sdf","ZAcds"};
	//int s = sizeof(p)/sizeof(p[0]);
	int s = sizeof(p)/sizeof(*p);
	printf("%d\n",s);
	printf("%c\n",p[1][0]);
	return 0;
}
//******************--快速排序--*********************
void Swap(int *num1, int *num2)
{
	int temp = *num1;
	*num1 = *num2;
	*num2 = temp;
}

int Partition(int data[], int length, int start, int end)
{
	if(data == NULL || length <=0 || start <0 || end >= length)
		return -1;

	int index = (rand() % (end-start+1))+ start;
	Swap(&data[index],&data[end]);

	int small = start-1;
	for (index=start;index<end;index++)
	{
		if(data[index]<data[end])
		{
			++small;
			if(index != small)
				Swap(&data[index],&data[small]);
		}
	}
	++small;
	Swap(&data[index],&data[small]);

	return small;
}
void QuickSort(int data[], int length, int start, int end)
{
	if(data == NULL || length <=0 || start <0 || end >= length)
		return;
	int index = Partition(data,length,start,end);

	if(index>start)
		QuickSort(data,length,start,index-1);
	if(index<end)
		QuickSort(data,length,index+1,end);
	
}
int main32()
{
	int number[] = {3,6,78,9,1,2,4,12,3};
	int startNum = 0;
	int endLen = sizeof(number)/sizeof(number[0]);
	QuickSort(number, endLen, startNum, endLen-1);
	//int num1=0, num2 = 10;
	//Swap(&num1,&num2);
	//printf("%d,%d\n",num1,num2);
	for (int i=0; i<endLen;i++)
		printf("%d\t",number[i]);
	return 0;
}

//******************--年龄排序--*********************
void SortAge(int ages[], int length)
{
	if(ages == NULL || length <=0)
		return;

	const int oldAge = 99;
	int timeOfAge[oldAge+1];

	for(int i=0;i<=oldAge;i++)
		timeOfAge[i] = 0;

	for(int i=0; i<length; i++){
		int age = ages[i];
		if(age <=0 || age >oldAge)
			throw std::exception("input age wrong!");
		timeOfAge[age]++;

	}

	int index=0;
	for (int i=0;i<=oldAge;i++)
	{
		for(int j=0;j<timeOfAge[i];j++){
			ages[index] = i;
			index++;
		}

	}

}

int main33()
{
	int age[] = {15,16,72,25,21,23,22,21,22,21,23,25,29,30,26};
	int length = sizeof(age)/sizeof(age[0]);
	SortAge(age,length);
	for (int i=0; i<length;i++)
		printf("%d, ",age[i]);
	return 0;
}
//******************--字符串中去除重复的字符--改变原字符顺序*********************
char* SortString(char *str, int length){
	if(str == NULL || length <= 0)
		return NULL;

	const int numbers = 52;
	int mychar[numbers+1];
	
	for(int i=0;i<=numbers;i++)
		mychar[i] = 0;

	for(int i=0; i<length-1; i++){
		int age = str[i]-'A';
		if(age <0 || (age >26 && age<32) || age > 58){
			printf("input age wrong!");
			return NULL;
		}
		if (age >=32)
			age -= 6;
		mychar[age]++;
	}

	int index = 0;
	for (int i=0;i<=numbers;i++)
	{
		if (mychar[i] == 1)
		{
			if (i<26)
				str[index] = i+'A';
			else if(i<52)
				str[index] = i+'A'+6;
			index++;
		}
	}
	for(int i=index;i<length;i++)
		str[i] = '\0';

	return str;
}

int main341()
{
	char str[] = "abcabsdasdaAAA";
	int length = sizeof(str)/sizeof(str[0]);
	char* mystr = SortString(str,length);
	if(mystr == NULL)
		return -1;
	int length2 = strlen(mystr);
	for (int i=0; i<length2;i++)
		printf("%c",mystr[i]);
	printf("\n");
	
	return 0;
}
//******************--字符串中去除重复的字符--未改变原字符顺序*********************
char* SortString2(char *str, int length){  
	if(str == NULL || length <= 0)  
		return NULL;  

	const int numbers = 26;  
	int mychar[numbers];  

	char* tmp = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*length);
	memset(tmp,0,length);

	for(int i=0;i<numbers;i++)  
		mychar[i] = 0;  

	for(int i=0; i<length-1; i++){  
		tmp[i] = str[i];
		int s = str[i]-'a';  
		if(s <0 || s > 25){  
			printf("input age wrong!");  
			return NULL;  
		}  
		mychar[s]++;  
	}  

	int index = 0; 
	for (int i=0;i<length;i++)  
	{  
		if(mychar[str[i]-'a'] == 1){
			str[index] = tmp[i];
			index++;
		}
	}  
	for(int i=index;i<length;i++)  
		str[i] = '\0';  

	return str;  
}  

int main342()  
{  
	char str[] = "abcabsdasdathfgr";  
	int length = sizeof(str)/sizeof(str[0]);  
	char* mystr = SortString2(str,length);  
	if(mystr == NULL)  
		return -1;  
	int length2 = strlen(mystr);  
	for (int i=0; i<length2;i++)  
		printf("%c",mystr[i]);  
	printf("\n");  

	return 0;  
}

//******************--求旋转数组中的最小值--*********************
int minNum(int *numbers, int length)
{
	if(numbers == NULL || length <=0)
		return -1;
	int res = numbers[0];
	for(int i=1;i<length;i++){
		if(res > numbers[i])
			res = numbers[i];
	}
	return res;
}

int Min(int *numbers, int length)
{
	if(numbers == NULL || length <=0)
		return -1;

	int index1 = 0;
	int index2 = length-1;
	int mid = index1;

	while(numbers[index1]>=numbers[index2])
	{
		if(index2-index1 == 1){
			mid = index2;
			break;
		}

		mid = (index1+index2)/2;

		if(numbers[index1]==numbers[mid] && numbers[index2] == numbers[mid])
			return minNum(numbers,length);

		if(numbers[mid]>numbers[index1])
			index1 = mid;
		else if(numbers[mid] <= numbers[index2])
			index2 = mid;
	}
	return numbers[mid];
}
int main36()
{
	int numbers[] = {1,1,1,0,1};
	int length = sizeof(numbers)/sizeof(numbers[0]);

	int res = 0;
	res = Min(numbers, length);
	printf("%d\n",res);
	return 0;
}
//******************--动态规划问题---剪绳子问题--*********************

int maxProductAfterCutting_solution(int num)
{
	if(num<2)
		return 0;
	if(num==2)
		return 1;
	if(num==3)
		return 2;

	int* product = new int[num+1];
	product[0] = 0;
	product[1] = 1;
	product[2] = 2;
	product[3] = 3;

	int max = 0;
	for (int i=4;i<=num;i++)
	{
		max = 0;
		for (int j=1;j<=i/2;j++)
		{
			int prod = product[j]*product[i-j];
			if(prod>max)
				max = prod;
			//product[i] = max;
		}
		product[i] = max;
	}
	max = product[num];
	return max;
}

//******************-贪心算法---剪绳子问题--*********************
int maxProductAfterCutting_solution2(int num)
{
	if(num<2)
		return 0;
	if(num==2)
		return 1;
	if(num==3)
		return 2;

	int timeOf3 = num/3;

	if (num%3 == 1)
		timeOf3--;
	int timeOf2 = (num-3*timeOf3)/2;
	return (int)(pow((double)3,timeOf3)) * (int)(pow((double)2,timeOf2));
}

int main35()
{
	int num = 10;
	int res = 0;
	res = maxProductAfterCutting_solution(num);
	printf("%d\n",res);

	int res2 = maxProductAfterCutting_solution2(num);
	printf("%d\n",res2);

	return 0;

}



//******************--求数字对应的二进制中1的个数--*********************
//方法一
int NumberOf1(int num)
{
	int count = 0;

	unsigned int flag = 1;
	while(flag){
		if(num & flag)
			count ++;
		flag = flag << 1;
	}
	return count;
}
//方法二
int NumberOf1_low(int num)
{
	int count = 0;
	while(num){
		count ++;
		num = (num-1)#
	}
	return count;
}
//******************--判断一数字是否为2的次方--*********************
bool PowOf2(int num)
{
	if(num&(num-1))
		return false;
	else
		return true;
}
//******************-求一个数到另一个数改变的步数-*********************
int changeStride(int num1, int num2)
{
	//求一个数到另一个数改变的步数,先将两个数异或,再求结果中1的个数
	return NumberOf1(num1^num2);

}

int main37()
{
	int number = 8;
	int res = 0;
	res = NumberOf1(number);
	printf("%d\n",res);

	int res2 = NumberOf1_low(number);
	printf("%d\n",res2);

	bool res3 = PowOf2(number);
	printf("%d\n",res3);

	int res4 = changeStride(10,13);
	printf("%d\n",res4);

	return 0;
}

//******************-数值的整数次方-*********************
//方法一
double PowerWithUnsignedExponent(double base, int exponent)
{
	double res = 1.0;
	for (int i=0;i<exponent;i++)
		res *= base;
	return res;
}
//方法二
double PowerWithUnsignedExponent2(double base, int exponent)
{
	if(exponent==0)
		return 1.0;
	if(exponent == 1)
		return base;
	double res = PowerWithUnsignedExponent2(base, exponent>>1);
	res *= res;
	if((exponent & 0x1) == 1)
		res *= base;
	return res;
}
double Power(double base, int exponent)
{
	double res = 0;

	if(abs(base-0.0)<1e-6 && exponent<0)
		return 0.0;

	unsigned int absExponent = (unsigned int)exponent;
	if(exponent <0)
		absExponent = (unsigned int)(-exponent);
	//res = PowerWithUnsignedExponent(base,absExponent);
	res = PowerWithUnsignedExponent2(base,absExponent);
	if(exponent<0)
		res = 1.0/res;
	return res;
}
int main38()
{
	double base = 2;
	int exponent = -2;
	double res = 0;

	res = Power(base, exponent);
	printf("%lf\n",res);

	return 0;
}

//******************-从1打印到最大的n位数-*********************

void PrintNumber(char* number)
{
	if(number == NULL)
		return;
	bool flag = false;
	int len = strlen(number);

	for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
	{
		if(!flag &&number[i] != '0')
			flag = true;
		if(flag)
			printf("%c",number[i]);
	}
	printf(", ");
}
//方法一
bool Increment(char* number)
{
	if(number==NULL)
		return false;
	bool nFlow = false;
	int nTakeOver = 0;
	int len = strlen(number);

	for (int i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
	{
		int nSum = number[i] - '0' + nTakeOver;
		if(i == len-1)
			nSum++;
		if(nSum>=10){
			if(i==0){
				nFlow = true;
				//return true;
			}
			else{
				nSum -= 10;
				nTakeOver = 1;
				number[i] = '0' + nSum;
			}
		}
		else{
			number[i] = '0' + nSum;
			break;
		}
	}
	return nFlow;
}

void Print1ToMaxOfN(int n)
{
	if(n<=0)
		return;
	char *number = new char[n+1];
	memset(number,'0',n);
	number[n] = '\0';

	while(!Increment(number)){
		PrintNumber(number);
	}

	delete []number;
}
//方法二:递归

void Print1ToMaxOfN2_Recu(char* number, int n, int index)
{
	if(index == n-1){
		PrintNumber(number);
		return;
	}
	for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		number[index+1] = i + '0';
		Print1ToMaxOfN2_Recu(number,n,index+1);
	}
}
void Print1ToMaxOfN2(int n)
{
	if(n<=0)
		return;
	char* number = new char[n+1];
	number[n] = '\0';

	for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		number[0] = i + '0';
		Print1ToMaxOfN2_Recu(number,n,0);
	}

	delete []number;
}
int main39()
{
	Print1ToMaxOfN(2);
	printf("\n");
	Print1ToMaxOfN2(2);
	return 0;
}

int GetNumberOfK2(int *a,int start, int end, int i)
{
	if(start == end)
		return a[start];

	int index = Partition(a,end+1,start,end);
	int k = index - start;
	if(i == k)
		return a[index];
	else if(i<k)
		return GetNumberOfK2(a, start, index-1, i);
	else
		return GetNumberOfK2(a, index+1, end, i-k);

}
int GetNumberOfK(int *a,int start, int end, int k)
{
	if(start == end)
		return a[start];

	int index = Partition(a,end+1,start,end);
	while(index != k-1){
		if(index>k-1)
			index = Partition(a, end+1,start, index-1);
		else
			index = Partition(a, end+1,index+1, end);
	}
	return a[index];
}
int main390()
{
	int a[] = {1,4,78,1,2,46,34,24};
	int ret = GetNumberOfK2(a,0,7,5);
	printf("%d\n",ret);
	return 0;
}




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