1.创建和使用类
1.1 创建类
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name="animal"):
self.name = name
def eat(self):
print(self.name + " eat")
1.2 根据类创建实例
animal = Animal("ABC")
1.2.1 访问属性
print(animal.name)
1.2.2 调用方法
animal.eat()
2. 继承
2.1 子类的方法__ init __()
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eat")
class Cat(Animal):
def __init__(self, name, age):
super().__init__(name)
self.name = name
self.age = age
def Age(self):
print("age: " + str(self.age))
- 因无法自动创建构造方法,所以子类的构造方法中父类构造方法的引用也需手动重写
2.2 重写父类的方法
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eat")
class Cat(Animal):
def __init__(self, name, age):
super().__init__(name)
self.name = name
self.age = age
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eating")
3. 导入类
3.1 导入单个类
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eat")
from animal import Animal
animal = Animal("ABC")
animal.Eat()
3.2 导入多个类
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eat")
class Cat(Animal):
def __init__(self, name, age):
super().__init__(name)
self.name = name
self.age = age
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eating")
from Animal import Animal, Cat
animal = Animal("ABC")
animal.Eat()
cat = Cat("abc", 1)
cat.Eat()
3.3 导入整个模块
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eat")
class Cat(Animal):
def __init__(self, name, age):
super().__init__(name)
self.name = name
self.age = age
def Eat(self):
print(self.name + ": eating")
import Animal
animal = Animal.Animal("ABC")
animal.Eat()
cat = Animal.Cat("abc", 1)
cat.Eat()
3.4 使用别名
from Animal import Cat as C
cat = C("abc", 1)
cat.Eat()