Android提高之SurfaceView的基本用法实例分析

这篇文章主要介绍了Android提高之SurfaceView的基本用法,非常实用的功能,需要的朋友可以参考下

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前文介绍了Android中MediaPlayer用法的时候稍微介绍了SurfaceView，SurfaceView由于可以直接从内存或者DMA等硬件接口取得图像数据，因此是个非常重要的绘图容器，这次我就来较为详细的介绍SurfaceView的用法。网上介绍SurfaceView的用法有很多，写法也层出不同，例如继承SurfaceView类，或者继承SurfaceHolder.Callback类等，这个可以根据功能实际需要自己选择，本文所述方法就直接在普通的用户界面调用SurfaceHolder的lockCanvas和unlockCanvasAndPost。

先来看看程序运行效果的截图如下：

截图1主要演示了直接把正弦波绘画在SurfaceView上。

再来看看下面两幅截图：

 

对比上面的上下两图，下图用.lockCanvas(null)，而上图用.lockCanvas(new Rect(oldX, 0, oldX + length,
getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getHeight()))，对比一下两个效果，由于上图是按指定Rect绘画，所以效率会比下图的全控件绘画高些，并且在清屏之后(canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK))不会留有上次绘画的残留。

main.xml的源码如下:

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent"   android:orientation = "vertical" >     < LinearLayout android:id = "@+id/LinearLayout01"   android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" >   < Button android:id = "@+id/Button01" android:layout_width = "wrap_content"   android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:text = "简单绘画" ></ Button >   < Button android:id = "@+id/Button02" android:layout_width = "wrap_content"   android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:text = "定时器绘画" ></ Button >   </ LinearLayout >   < SurfaceView android:id = "@+id/SurfaceView01"   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" ></ SurfaceView > </ LinearLayout >

接下来贴出Java程序源码如下：

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package com.testSurfaceView; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.SurfaceHolder; import android.view.SurfaceView; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button;   public class testSurfaceView extends Activity {   /** Called when the activity is first created. */   Button btnSimpleDraw, btnTimerDraw;   SurfaceView sfv;   SurfaceHolder sfh;     private Timer mTimer;   private MyTimerTask mTimerTask;   int Y_axis[], //保存正弦波的Y轴上的点   centerY, //中心线   oldX,oldY, //上一个XY点   currentX; //当前绘制到的X轴上的点     @Override   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);   setContentView(R.layout.main);   btnSimpleDraw = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.Button01);   btnTimerDraw = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.Button02);   btnSimpleDraw.setOnClickListener( new ClickEvent());   btnTimerDraw.setOnClickListener( new ClickEvent());   sfv = (SurfaceView) this .findViewById(R.id.SurfaceView01);   sfh = sfv.getHolder();     //动态绘制正弦波的定时器   mTimer = new Timer();   mTimerTask = new MyTimerTask();     // 初始化y轴数据   centerY = (getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getHeight() - sfv   .getTop()) / 2 ;   Y_axis = new int [getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth()];   for ( int i = 1 ; i < Y_axis.length; i++) { // 计算正弦波   Y_axis[i - 1 ] = centerY   - ( int ) ( 100 * Math.sin(i * 2 * Math.PI / 180 ));   }   }   class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener {     @Override   public void onClick(View v) {     if (v == btnSimpleDraw) {   SimpleDraw(Y_axis.length- 1 ); //直接绘制正弦波   } else if (v == btnTimerDraw) {   oldY = centerY;   mTimer.schedule(mTimerTask, 0 , 5 ); //动态绘制正弦波   }   }   }   class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {   @Override   public void run() {     SimpleDraw(currentX);   currentX++; //往前进   if (currentX == Y_axis.length - 1 ) { //如果到了终点，则清屏重来   ClearDraw();   currentX = 0 ;   oldY = centerY;   }   }   }   /*   * 绘制指定区域   */   void SimpleDraw( int length) {   if (length == 0 )   oldX = 0 ;   Canvas canvas = sfh.lockCanvas( new Rect(oldX, 0 , oldX + length,   getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getHeight())); // 关键:获取画布   Log.i( "Canvas:" ,   String.valueOf(oldX) + "," + String.valueOf(oldX + length));   Paint mPaint = new Paint();   mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN); // 画笔为绿色   mPaint.setStrokeWidth( 2 ); // 设置画笔粗细   int y;   for ( int i = oldX + 1 ; i < length; i++) { // 绘画正弦波   y = Y_axis[i - 1 ];   canvas.drawLine(oldX, oldY, i, y, mPaint);   oldX = i;   oldY = y;   }   sfh.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas); // 解锁画布，提交画好的图像   }   void ClearDraw() {   Canvas canvas = sfh.lockCanvas( null );   canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK); // 清除画布   sfh.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);   } }

这里还需要注意一下： for (int i = oldX + 1; i < length; i++) {// 绘画正弦波 这句，在.lockCanvas()指定Rect内减少循环画线的次数，可以提高绘图效率。