3.使用类模板实现通用链表

//使用模板类实现通用链表

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<typename Type>//知识点2.1 类模板的前向声明
class List;

template<typename Type>
class ListNode
{
    friend class List<Type>;//知识点2.1
public:
    ListNode()
        :data(Type()),next(NULL)//知识点1  根据Type类型，自动生成对应的初始化0值。
    {

    }
    ListNode(Type d,ListNode<Type> *n = NULL)
        :data(d),next(n)
    {

    }
    ~ListNode()
    {

    }

private:
    Type data;
    ListNode<Type> *next;
};

template<typename Type>
class List
{
public:
    List();
    bool push_back(Type x);
    void show_list()const;

private:
    ListNode<Type> *first;
    ListNode<Type> *last;
    size_t size;
};

template<typename Type>
List<Type>::List()
{
    first = last = (ListNode<Type>*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode<Type>));
    last->next = NULL;
    size = 0;
}
template<typename Type>
bool List<Type>::push_back(Type x)
{
    ListNode<Type> *s = (ListNode<Type>*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode<Type>));
    if(s == NULL)
        return false;
    s->data = x;
    s->next = NULL;

    last->next = s;
    last = s;
    size++;
    return true;
}
template<typename Type>
void List<Type>::show_list()const
{
    ListNode<Type> *p = first->next;
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        cout<<p->data<<"-->";
        p =p->next;
    }
    cout <<"Nul."<<endl;
}

int main()
{
   /* //知识点1
    int a = 0;
    C++里全是对象,哪怕是基本类型，也是类对象，下面两种方式相当于调用了整形类型类的构造函数
    int a = int();
    int a(0);
    cout<< a<<endl;*/
    
    List<int> mylist;
    for(int i = 1;i<=10;++i)
    {
        mylist.push_back(i);
    }
    mylist.show_list();

    return 0;
}