android跨进程传递布局（RemoteViews跨进程的使用）

有一个进程需要在另一个进程显示UI时，开始考虑用反射的方法来加载布局xml，但考虑到要响应点击事件，排除掉此做法。通过多方查找，发现类似桌面Widget和通知栏的跨进程布局加载都潜移默化的使用RemoteViews，发现RemoteViews实现Parcelable，可支持跨进程传输（RemoteViews区别于View），相当于把View布局传入RemoteViews再传递给另一个进程加载。下面为实现跨进程加载的步骤：
先从服务端开始，服务端进程remoteviewstest主要是运行着MyService服务，客户端绑定此服务，此服务通过WindowManager添加窗口来加载客户端RemoteViews的布局。完整代码如下：

package com.example.remoteviewstest;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.RemoteViews;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MyService extends Service {

    private WindowManager mWindowManager;
    private RemoteViews mRemoteViews;
    private WindowManager.LayoutParams mLayoutParams;
    private View mView;
    private final Handler mUIHandler = new Handler();

    private boolean mIsWindowAdd;

    private final ICustomViewLoader mBinder = new ICustomViewLoader.Stub() {
        @Override
        public void addCustomView(RemoteViews remoteViews) throws RemoteException {
            mRemoteViews = remoteViews;
            mUIHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (!mIsWindowAdd) {
                        mIsWindowAdd = true;
                        mView = mRemoteViews.apply(MyService.this, null);
                        mLayoutContent.removeAllViews();
                        mLayoutContent.addView(mView);
                        mWindowManager.addView(mLayoutWindow, mLayoutParams);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public void updateCustomView(RemoteViews remoteViews) throws RemoteException {
            if (mView != null) {
                remoteViews.reapply(MyService.this, mView);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void removeCustomView() throws RemoteException {
            mUIHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (mIsWindowAdd) {
                        mWindowManager.removeView(mLayoutWindow);
                        mRemoteViews = null;
                        mIsWindowAdd = false;
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    };
    private View mLayoutWindow;
    private FrameLayout mLayoutContent;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        mWindowManager = (WindowManager) getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);
        mLayoutParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY);
        mLayoutParams.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
        mLayoutParams.height = 400;
        mLayoutParams.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL
                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED;
        mLayoutParams.gravity = Gravity.BOTTOM;
        mLayoutWindow = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_window, null, false);
        mLayoutContent = mLayoutWindow.findViewById(R.id.layout_content);
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder.asBinder();
    }
}

其中mLayoutWindow为窗口，mLayoutContent添加RemoteViews的布局，通过RemoteViews的apply来加载跨进程布局，reappley来刷新跨进程布局。通过创建AIDL接口ICustomViewLoader，供客户端调用，提供添加、删除和更新。

// ICustomViewLoader.aidl
package com.example.remoteviewstest;

import android.widget.RemoteViews;

interface ICustomViewLoader {
    void addCustomView(in RemoteViews remoteViews);
    void updateCustomView(in RemoteViews remoteViews);
    void removeCustomView();
}

客户端主要通过CustomViewManager 类实现与服务端交互，具体代码如下：

package com.example.surfaceviewtest;

import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.RemoteViews;


import com.example.remoteviewstest.ICustomViewLoader;

public class CustomViewManager {

    public static final String TAG = CustomViewManager.class.getSimpleName();

    public static final String ACTION_CUSTOM_TAG = "action_custom_click_";

    private ICustomViewLoader mCustomViewLoader;

    private final Context mContext;

    private RemoteViews mRemoteViews;


    public CustomViewManager(Context context) {
        mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
    }

    private final BroadcastReceiver mCustomClickReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (action != null && action.contains(ACTION_CUSTOM_TAG)) {
                if (mCustomClickListener != null) {
                    mCustomClickListener.onRemoteClick(Integer.parseInt(action.replace(ACTION_CUSTOM_TAG, "")));
                }
            }
        }
    };


    public void bindService() {
        if (mContext == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (mCustomViewLoader == null) {
            Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.remoteviewstest.action");
            intent.setPackage("com.example.remoteviewstest");
            mContext.bindService(intent, mCarVideoServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        }
    }

    public void unbindService() {
        if (mContext != null) {
            if (mCustomViewLoader != null) {
                mContext.unbindService(mCarVideoServiceConnection);
            }
        }
    }

    private final ServiceConnection mCarVideoServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mCustomViewLoader = ICustomViewLoader.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            mCustomViewLoader = null;
        }
    };

    /**
     * 通过RemoteViews向服务端添加自定义布局
     *
     * @param layoutId  要在远程进程中显示的layoutId
     * @param customIds 需要设置点击事件的id数组
     * @param listener  点击事件监听
     */
    public void registerCustomView(int layoutId, int[] customIds, final CustomClickListener listener) {
        if (mContext == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (listener != null) {
            mCustomClickListener = listener;
        }
        mRemoteViews = new RemoteViews(mContext.getPackageName(), layoutId);
        if (customIds != null && customIds.length > 0) {
            IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
            for (int id : customIds) {
                Log.d(TAG, "registerCustomView:" + id);
                Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_CUSTOM_TAG + id);
                intent.setPackage(mContext.getPackageName());
                intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_CUSTOM_TAG + id);
                PendingIntent pIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
                mRemoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(id, pIntent);
            }
            mContext.registerReceiver(mCustomClickReceiver, intentFilter);
        }
        addCustomView(mRemoteViews);
    }

    /**
     * 设置view是否使能，做对应选中状态背景色和图片的改变，由于setSelected在RemoteViews中不支持，
     * 故使用采用setBackgroundResource来替代选中时background的状态切换
     */
    public void setViewsSelected(int id, boolean selected) {
        if (mRemoteViews != null) {
            mRemoteViews.setInt(id, "setBackgroundResource", selected ? R.color.color_selected : R.color.color_normal);
            updateCustomView(mRemoteViews);
        }
    }

    public void unregisterCustomView() {
        if (mContext != null) {
            try {
                mContext.unregisterReceiver(mCustomClickReceiver);
                mCustomViewLoader.removeCustomView();
                mRemoteViews = null;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }


    public void addCustomView(RemoteViews remoteViews) {
        try {
            if (mCustomViewLoader != null) {
                mCustomViewLoader.addCustomView(remoteViews);
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void updateCustomView(RemoteViews remoteViews) {
        try {
            if (mCustomViewLoader != null) {
                mCustomViewLoader.updateCustomView(remoteViews);
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private CustomClickListener mCustomClickListener;

    public interface CustomClickListener {
        void onRemoteClick(int id);
    }
}

通过 mRemoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(id, pIntent);来实现点击事件的监听，这里的PendingIntent通过为PendingIntent.getBroadcast()，由于没有明确意图去启动某个界面，点击的具体操作由客户端自己实现，如果由明确意图可通过PendingIntent.getActivity()实例化PendingIntent来启动特定的Activity。setViewsSelected方法为RemoteViews通过反射调用setBackgroundResource方法来动态设置背景。
使用方式如下：

package com.example.surfaceviewtest;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CustomViewManager.CustomClickListener {

    private CustomViewManager mCustomViewManager;
    private boolean mEnable = false;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        startService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
        Button btnAdd = findViewById(R.id.btn_add_view);
        Button btnRemove = findViewById(R.id.btn_remove_view);
        final int[] customIds = new int[]{R.id.tv_button1};
        btnAdd.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mCustomViewManager.registerCustomView(R.layout.layout_remoteviews, customIds, MainActivity.this);
            }
        });
        btnRemove.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mCustomViewManager.unregisterCustomView();
            }
        });
        mCustomViewManager = new CustomViewManager(this);
        mCustomViewManager.bindService();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        mCustomViewManager.unbindService();
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    public void onRemoteClick(int id) {
        if (id == R.id.tv_button1) {
            mCustomViewManager.setViewsSelected(R.id.tv_button1, !mEnable);
            mEnable = !mEnable;
        }
    }
}

onRemoteClick为服务端回调的点击事件，setViewsSelected设置选中/非选中状态。
layout_remoteviews.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_button1"
        android:tag="button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@color/color_normal"
        android:text="测试按钮"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white"
        android:textSize="20sp"/>

</LinearLayout>

color资源文件在RemoteViews中同样支持按下press状态的处理。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--color_normal.xml-->
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:color="@android:color/darker_gray" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:color="@android:color/holo_green_dark" />
</selector>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--color_selected.xml-->
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:color="@android:color/darker_gray" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:color="@android:color/holo_red_dark" />
</selector>

最终效果如下：

android源码中@RemotableViewMethod注解的方法才支持，只有setEnabled为RemoteViews支持的方法，而setSelected和setActivated方法不支持，要实现选中只能从setEnabled方法或者setBackgroundResource方法入手。

    @RemotableViewMethod
    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        if (enabled != this.isEnabled()) {
            this.setFlags(enabled ? 0 : 32, 32);
            this.refreshDrawableState();
            this.invalidate(true);
            if (!enabled) {
                this.cancelPendingInputEvents();
            }

        }
    }
    
    @RemotableViewMethod
    public void setBackgroundResource(int resid) {
        if (resid == 0 || resid != this.mBackgroundResource) {
            Drawable d = null;
            if (resid != 0) {
                d = this.mContext.getDrawable(resid);
            }

            this.setBackground(d);
            this.mBackgroundResource = resid;
        }
    }

RemoteViews支持的View类型如下：
Layout：FrameLyout、LinearLayout、RelativeLayout、GridLayout
View：Button、ImageView、ImageButton、ProgressBar、TextView、ListView、GridView、StackView、ViewStub、AdapterViewFlipper、ViewFlipper、AnalogClock、Chronometer。