解决RuntimeException: Parcel android.os.Parcel@*: Unmarshalling unknown type code * at offset * 异常

异常描述

在一次序列化过程中，出现下面的报错：

** java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.zhonghong.mycar/com.example.mycar.MyCarActivity}: java.lang.RuntimeException: Parcel android.os.Parcel@e1c3112: Unmarshalling unknown type code 35 at offset 276
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2925)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3060)
at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:78)
at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:108)
at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:68)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1820)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6683)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:982)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Parcel android.os.Parcel@e1c3112: Unmarshalling unknown type code 35 at offset 276
at android.os.Parcel.readValue(Parcel.java:2747)
at android.os.Parcel.readSparseArrayInternal(Parcel.java:3118)
at android.os.Parcel.readSparseArray(Parcel.java:2351)
at android.os.Parcel.readValue(Parcel.java:2725)
at android.os.Parcel.readArrayMapInternal(Parcel.java:3037)
at android.os.BaseBundle.initializeFromParcelLocked(BaseBundle.java:288)
at android.os.BaseBundle.unparcel(BaseBundle.java:232)
at android.os.Bundle.getSparseParcelableArray(Bundle.java:1010)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1204)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveFragmentToExpectedState(FragmentManager.java:1576)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1637)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.dispatchMoveToState(FragmentManager.java:3046)
at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.dispatchCreate(FragmentManager.java:2993)
at android.app.FragmentController.dispatchCreate(FragmentController.java:171)
at android.app.Activity.onCreate(Activity.java:1047)
at com.zhonghong.mycar.MyCarActivity.onCreate(MyCarActivity.java:36)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7136)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7127)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1271)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2905)
… 11 more**

在通过实现 Parcelable接口自定义一个可以序列化的数据类，在传递给另一组件进行反序列化获取数据的过程中，出现了上诉异常，程序奔溃退出。

源码分析

Parcel.java 源码中，readValue()方法从Native读取对象类型时，当类型不在匹配的值范围，匹配不到String、Integer、Map等等类型时，就会抛出此异常：throw new RuntimeException("Parcel " + this + ":Unmarshalling unknown type code " + type + " at offset " + off)。

    /**
     * Read a typed object from a parcel.  The given class loader will be
     * used to load any enclosed Parcelables.  If it is null, the default class
     * loader will be used.
     */
    @Nullable
    public final Object readValue(@Nullable ClassLoader loader) {
        int type = readInt();

        switch (type) {
        case VAL_NULL:
            return null;

        case VAL_STRING:
            return readString();

        case VAL_INTEGER:
            return readInt();

        case VAL_MAP:
            return readHashMap(loader);

        case VAL_PARCELABLE:
            return readParcelable(loader);

        ...代码省略

        default:
            int off = dataPosition() - 4;
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Parcel " + this + ": Unmarshalling unknown type code " + type + " at offset " + off);
        }
    }

通过 readInt()方法根据Native地址读取对象类型：

    /**
     * Read an integer value from the parcel at the current dataPosition().
     */
    public final int readInt() {
        return nativeReadInt(mNativePtr);
    }

在序列化 writeValue()方法中写入对象类型：

 public final void writeValue(@Nullable Object v) {
        if (v == null) {
            writeInt(VAL_NULL);
        } else if (v instanceof String) {
            writeInt(VAL_STRING);
            writeString((String) v);
        } else if (v instanceof Integer) {
            writeInt(VAL_INTEGER);
            writeInt((Integer) v);
        } else if (v instanceof Map) {
        
        ...代码省略
        
        } else {
            Class<?> clazz = v.getClass();
            if (clazz.isArray() && clazz.getComponentType() == Object.class) {
                // Only pure Object[] are written here, Other arrays of non-primitive types are
                // handled by serialization as this does not record the component type.
                writeInt(VAL_OBJECTARRAY);
                writeArray((Object[]) v);
            } else if (v instanceof Serializable) {
                // Must be last
                writeInt(VAL_SERIALIZABLE);
                writeSerializable((Serializable) v);
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("Parcel: unable to marshal value " + v);
            }
        }
    }

writeArray()、writeSparseArray()、writeMap()等等方法都调用了 writeValue()，需要特别注意数据结构类型的序列化过程。
在创建序列化类的 writeToParcel()过程中， writeString()、writeFloat()、writeLong()等等方法不会写入类型值，因为 int 、float、long 等等是基本数据类型，不会创建对象，而对象数据类型是对基本数据类型的包装，创建了数据对象，引用了存储数值的地址。

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeInt(mId);
        dest.writeFloat(mScore);
        dest.writeString(mMessage);
    }

案例分析

如下是出现异常的代码：

    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<UserData> CREATOR =
            new Parcelable.Creator<UserData>() {
        @Override
        public UserData createFromParcel(Parcel parcel) {
           
            final String id = parcel.readString();
            final String[] categoryIds = parcel.readStringArray();
            
            final Bundle defaultArgs = parcel.readBundle();
            
            final ArrayMap<String, String> categoryAlgorithms = new ArrayMap<>();
            parcel.readMap(categoryAlgorithms, String.class.getClassLoader());
            
            final ArrayMap<String, Bundle> categoryArgs = new ArrayMap<>();
            parcel.readMap(categoryArgs, Bundle.class.getClassLoader());
            
            final Builder builder = new Builder(id, categoryIds, categoryAlgorithms)
                     .setCategoryArgs()
                     .setBundle(defaultArgs);
            return builder.build();
        }

        @Override
        public UserData[] newArray(int size) {
            return new UserData[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel parcel, int flags) {
        parcel.writeMap(mCategoryAlgorithms);
        parcel.writeStringArray(mCategoryIds);
        parcel.writeBundle(mDefaultArgs);
        parcel.writeString(mId);
        parcel.writeMap(mCategoryArgs);
    }

其中 createFromParcel()和 writeToParcel()读和写的顺序和类型需要是一致的，不然序列化时获取的数据类型不一致，读取和写入的地址不一致则会解析出错抛出异常。

正确应该为：

    ...代码省略
    
    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel parcel, int flags) {
        parcel.writeString(mId);
        parcel.writeStringArray(mCategoryIds);
        parcel.writeBundle(mDefaultArgs);
        parcel.writeMap(mCategoryAlgorithms);
        parcel.writeMap(mCategoryArgs);
    }

当出现此类异常时，检查 readValue()和 writeParcel()的顺序以及类型是否正确。特别是读写对象、数据结构时是否有误，其他数据类型也要顺序和类型读写一致。