opencv(5)--颜色空间转换、二值化

RGB

(R,G,B)=cv2.split(image)
zeros=np.zeros(image.shape[:2],dtype='uint8')
show(cv2.merge([R,zeros,zeros]))

HSV

色调（Hue），饱和度（Saturation）,明度（Value）
Hue（0°~360°）红色：0，绿色：120，蓝色：240
Saturation:(0~100) 饱和度越高，颜色则深而艳，接近光谱色
Value：（0~ 100）黑~白

hsv=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
for (name,chan) in zip(('H','S','V'),cv2.split(hsv)):
    cv2.imshow(name,chan)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

LAB

lab=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2LAB)
for (name,chan) in zip(('L','A','B'),cv2.split(lab)):
    cv2.imshow(name,chan)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Grayscale灰阶图像

image=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

二值化

gray=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
ret1,thresh1=cv2.threshold(gray,100,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)	#返回ret1阈值：170 超过阈值为255，未超过为0；thresh1灰度图像
ret2,thresh2=cv2.threshold(gray,100,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)#阈值：170 超过阈值为0，未超过为255
ret3,thresh3=cv2.threshold(gray,100,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)#阈值：170 超过阈值为0，未超过为原值
ret4,thresh4=cv2.threshold(gray,100,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)#阈值：170 超过阈值为原值，未超过为0
ret5,thresh5=cv2.threshold(gray,100,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)#阈值：170 超过阈值为170，未超过为原值

title=['gray','binary','binary_inv','tozero','tozero_inv','trunc']
images=[gray,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]
plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1)
    plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')#记得加‘gray’
    plt.title(title[i])
    plt.axis('off')

show(cv2.bitwise_and(image,image,mask=thresh1))#通过遮挡，提取大于阈值的部分

自动阈值

gray=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
ret1,thresh1=cv2.threshold(gray,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY|cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
ret2,thresh2=cv2.threshold(gray,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV|cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
print(ret1,ret2)
plt.imshow(thresh1,'gray')

自适应阈值（不是全局阈值）

当图片各部分的亮度不一时，能更好的提取各部分特征

gray=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
ret,th1=cv2.threshold(gray,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY|cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
th2=cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,3)#阈值取各自相邻区域的平均值，领域大小：11，c(常数，阈值等于平均值减去这个常数)
th3=cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,3)#阈值取各自相邻区域的加权和，权重为一个高斯窗口，领域大小：11，c(常数，阈值等于平均值减去这个常数)