Java的第八章知识点总结

什么是多态

如何实现多态

多态的示例操作

Person类

public class Person {
   private String name;
   private int age;
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}

   public Person(String name, int age) {
	
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
}
public void printInfo() {
	   System.out.println("姓名："+name+"\n年龄："+age);
   }
}

Student 类

public class Student extends Person {
  private String department;

public String getDepartment() {
	return department;
}

public void setDepartment(String department) {
	this.department = department;
}



public Student(String name, int age, String department) {
	super(name, age);
	this.department = department;
}

//方法重写
  public void  printInfo() {
	  super.printInfo();
	  System.out.println("系别："+department);
  }
}

Teacher 类

public class Teacher extends Person {
  private String major;

public String getMajor() {
	return major;
}

public void setMajor(String major) {
	this.major = major;
}

public Teacher(String name, int age, String major) {
	super(name, age);
	this.major = major;
}
//重写打印信息方法
public void printInfo() {
	super.printInfo();
	System.out.println("专长："+major);
}
  
}

School类

public class School {
//  //为学生开启门禁
//	public void openDoor(Student stu) {
//		stu.printInfo();
//		System.out.println("允许进入");
//	}
//	//互为重载方法  参数列表不同
//	//为教师开始门禁
//	public void openDoor(Teacher t) {
//		t.printInfo();
//		System.out.println("允许进入！");
//	}
	//用多态实行方法
	public void openDoor(Person p)
	{
		p.printInfo();
		System.out.println("允许进入！");
	}
}

测试类

public class EX8_2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p;//没有实体
		Student stu =new Student("小红",23,"英语系");
        p=stu;//p是stu的上转型对象
        //p.setDepartment();//不能调用新增的方法
        p.setName("小花");//可以调用继承的放啊
        p.printInfo();//可以调用重写后的方法
        Student stuNew =(Student)p;//需要进行强制类型转换
        stuNew.setDepartment("中文系");
        stuNew.printInfo();
	}

}

Java实现多态有三个必要条件：继承、重写、向上转型。

instanceof

主要操作：

instanceof的示例操作：

Person类

public class Person {
   private String name;
   private int age;
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}

   public Person(String name, int age) {
	
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
}
public void printInfo() {
	   System.out.println("姓名："+name+"\n年龄："+age);
   }
}

Student类

public class Student extends Person {
  private String department;

public String getDepartment() {
	return department;
}

public void setDepartment(String department) {
	this.department = department;
}



public Student(String name, int age, String department) {
	super(name, age);
	this.department = department;
}

//方法重写
  public void  printInfo() {
	  super.printInfo();
	  System.out.println("系别："+department);
  }
  public void haveClass(String course) {
	  System.out.println("我正在上"+course);
  }
}

Teacher类

public class Teacher extends Person {
  private String major;

public String getMajor() {
	return major;
}

public void setMajor(String major) {
	this.major = major;
}

public Teacher(String name, int age, String major) {
	super(name, age);
	this.major = major;
}
//重写打印信息方法
public void printInfo() {
	super.printInfo();
	System.out.println("专长："+major);
}
//新增的方法
 public void giveLesson() {
	 System.out.println("我正在上"+major+"课，学生听的很认真");
 }
}

School 类

public class School {
//  //为学生开启门禁
//	public void openDoor(Student stu) {
//		stu.printInfo();
//		System.out.println("允许进入");
//	}
//	//互为重载方法  参数列表不同
//	//为教师开始门禁
//	public void openDoor(Teacher t) {
//		t.printInfo();
//		System.out.println("允许进入！");
//	}
	//用多态实行方法
	public void openDoor(Person p)
	{
		p.printInfo();
		System.out.println("允许进入！");
	}
	public void check(Person p) {
		System.out.println("学校开始检查：");
		if(p instanceof Student) {
			((Student)p).haveClass("java");
		}
		if(p instanceof Teacher) {
			((Teacher)p).giveLesson();
		}
	}
}

测试类

public class EX8_3 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		School sc=new School();
		sc.check(new Student("小明",19,"信息工程学院"));
		sc.check(new Teacher("张老师",35,"java"));

	}

}